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Upper Extremity Prosthetics > Week 4 > Flashcards

Week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two basic cable controls used in UE prosthetics?

A

Housing fair lead-split housing at the elbow

Bowden Cable-continuous housing across the elbow

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2
Q

Who is the housing fair lead primarily used for?

A

Transhumeral, elbow disarticulations and very short transradials.

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3
Q

What does the housing fair lead do?

A

Flexes the elbow when the elbow is unlocked
Flex elbow for a split socket design with residuum activated outside locks
To augment elbow flexion for split socket with step-up hinges.

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4
Q

What motions does the housing fair leads harness control?

A

Humeral flexion

Bi-scapular abduction and protraction

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5
Q

What is the Bowden Cable mostly used for?

A

Transradials

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6
Q

What are two aspects specific to the Bowden cable?

A

Continuous house across the elbow

Tension on the cable has no impact on the elbow flexion

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7
Q

What is the shoulder harness used for?

A

carrying heavy loads

patient’s who cannot tolerate the full axillary loop for actuation

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8
Q

What are three aspects of the bilateral figure 8 harness?

A

No axillary loop
The delto-pectoral suspension straps are connected to the cross point
An elastic cross strap is added to prevent upward migration

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9
Q

When is the figure 9 harness used?

A

For self suspending sockets like the muenster

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10
Q

What are two aspects specific to the figure 9 harness?

A

It does not used the delto-pectoral suspension strap

The cross bar attaches to the mid posterior proximal brim of the socket

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11
Q

Where is the crosspoint of the harness supposed to be?

A

Inferior to C7

Slightly towards the non-amputated side

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12
Q

What is the difference between the crosspoint and the Northwest ring?

A

The ring allows for more freedom of movement

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13
Q

Where is the northwest ring positioned?

A

Inferior to C7

Slightly towards the non-amputated side

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14
Q

What does BAHA stand for?

A

Bio-mechanically aligned harness anchor

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15
Q

What is the BAHA?

A

A high strength, lightweight, non-metallic harness component.

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16
Q

What does the BAHA want to improve?

A

The biomechanics of the figure 8 harness

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17
Q

How does the BAHA improve the biomechanics of the harness?

A

Optimizes the harnesses axilla angle

Provides a more efficient cable control pathway

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18
Q

Where should the BAHA be positioned on the body?

A

Inferior to C7

Slightly towards the non-amputated side

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19
Q

What are the four types of TR elbow joints?

A

Flexible
Rigid
Step up
Locking

20
Q

What is the Flexible TR elbow joint made of?

A

Fabric
Leather
Metal
Dacron Webbing

21
Q

What does the flexible TR elbow joint allow?

A

Maintain 50% of rotation

Free pronation and supination

22
Q

What are the two types of Rigid TR elbow joints?

A

Single axis and Polycentric

23
Q

What does the single axis Rigid TR elbow joint do?

A

Stabilizes the socket preventing pronation and supination

Protection of the residual limb against torque

24
Q

What are the advantages of the polycentric Rigid TR elbow joint?

A

Increased distance from epicondyle axis to anterior socket trim
Limited tissue bunching in the bicipital fold
Increased elbow flexion ROM

25
Q

Who are Rigid Friction Joints used for?

A

Very short TR or elbow disarticulation pediatric amputees

26
Q

What does the Rigid Friction Joint function as?

A

Transhumeral prosthesis

27
Q

What does the Rigid Friction Joints allow?

A

Positioning of elbow flexion/extension for small children

28
Q

When are step-up joints used?

A

Split Socket
Very short TR <35%
Limited ROM
Patient with socket with high anterior trimlines

29
Q

What are the advantages of the Step-up joint?

A

Allows increased flexion beyond 90 degrees.

Allows strong flexion with limited ROM

30
Q

What is the Step-up joint geared at?

A

2:1 constant ratio

31
Q

What is the sliding variable ration step-up joint?

A

Varies the amount of force needed throughout the ROM.
Initial flexion 1:1
Higher ratio mid-range
Less at end of range

32
Q

When is the Residual limb activated locking hinge used?

A

Very short TR with split socket
Inadequate strength
ROM
Residual limb surface area

33
Q

What cable is used with the Residual limb Activated locking hinge?

A

Split housing fair-lead control cable

34
Q

What formula is used to determine Bilateral length?

A

Carlyle formula

35
Q

What is the humerus length based on the Carlyle formula?

A

.19 x Body Height

36
Q

What is the forearm length based on the Carlyle Formula?

A

.21 x Body Height

37
Q

What two measurements make up the forearm length?

A

Lateral Epicondyle to styloid

Styloid to thumb tip

38
Q

What is the ratios of a quadri-membral amputation for the forearm.

A

Forearm=.19/.21 x measured humerus length (Apt)

39
Q

Who are the flexible hinge joints for?

A

Long Trans-radial amputation
Wrist disarticulation
Trans-carpal amputation

40
Q

Where is the proximal and distal attachment of the flexible hinge joint?

A

proximal-triceps pad

distal-prosthetic forearm

41
Q

What is the disadvantage of the single axis Rigid TR elbow joint?

A

Without proper alignment patient will not be able to maintain normal ROM for elbow flexion and extension

42
Q

Who are Rigid hinges made for/

A

Amputation at or above mid forearm

43
Q

Who are single axis hinges made for?

A

Short trans-radial patients

44
Q

Who are polycentric hinges made for?

A

Short trans-radial

Very short trans-radial

45
Q

For a Residual limb-activated locking hinge, what produces elbow flexion?

A

Glenohumeral flexion

46
Q

What are the two types of step up hinges?

A

Sliding action-requires split action cable

Geared-Can use Bowden Cable

Upper Extremity Prosthetics (14 decks)

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