Week 4 Flashcards
SCALP
Skin, dense CT, Aponeorosis, Loose CT, Pericranium
Epicranial aponeurosis
the big strip of white tissue that connects the bellies of the occipitofrontalis muscle
how many bellies does the occipitofrontalis muscle have?
2
what is the origin of the occipitofrontalis muscle?
galea aponeurotica layer of skull
what is the insertion of the occipitofrontalis muscle
frontalis: skin over the eyebrows
occipitalis: superior nuchal line
what are the actions of the occipitofrontalis muscle
frontalis: raises eyebrows
occipitalis: anchors and retracts the galea posteriorly
what is the innervation of the occipitofrontalis muscle?
CNVII (facial nerve)
Orbicularis Oculi
a sphincter muscle arranged in concentric bands around the upper and lower eyelids
main function: close the eyelids when muscle contracts
Levator palpebrae superiororis
triangular-shaped muscle located in each upper eyelid
main function: elevate and retract the upper eyelid
what innervates levator palpebrae superioris
CN III (oculomotor nerve)
functions of muscles of the ears
in animals helps to direct the ears towards the sources of sounds
what are the elevators, retractors and evertors of the upper lip
- levator labii superioris
- zygomaticus major and minor
- risoris
Orbicularis oris
the sphincter around the mouth, closes and protrudes lips (kissing)
Buccinator
in the cheek
- presses cheeks against teeth and lips
- resists distension of the mouth
what are the muscles of mastication (chewing)
- temporalis
- masseter
- medial pterygoid
- lateral pterygoid
Temporalis
O: temporal fossa and fascia
I: coronoid process and anterior border of ramus of mandible
Innervation: Mandibular nerve (V3)
Function: elevation and retraction of mandible
masseter
O: zygomatic arch
I: lateral surface of ramus of mandible
innervation: mandibular nerve (V3)
function: elevation and protraction of mandible
medial pterygoid
O: mainly pterygoid process of sphenoid bone
I: medial surface of angle of mandible
Innervation: Mandibular nerve (V3)
function: elevation, protrusion, and contralateral deviation of mandible
lateral pterygoid
O: mainly pterygoid process of sphenoid bone
I: articular disc and to the neck of the mandible
Innervation: mandibular nerve (V3)
Function: protrusion and contralateral deviation of mandible
Another name for neurocranium?
brain box
another name for viscerocranium?
facial skeleton
what are the paired neurocranium bones?
parietal and temporal bones
what are the unpaired neurocranium bones?
frontal, occipital, sphenoid, ethomoid bones
what are the paired viscerocranium bones
lacrimal, nasal, zygomatic, maxilla, inferior nasal concha, palatine bones
what are the unpaired viscerocranium bones?
mandible and vomer
what bone is at the back of the head?
occipital bone
what suture divides the two parietal bones at the top of the skull?
sagittal suture
what suture divides the parietal bones to the occipital?
lambdoid suture
what suture divide the frontal bone and the parietal?
coronal suture
what is the point at which the coronal suture and sagittal suture meet?
bregma
what is on the roof of the mouth?
incisive fossa
what are the 3 different regions of the bones of cranial base?
anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossa
what are the anterior cranial fossa?
ethmoid bone, including crista galli and cribriform plate
what are the middle cranial fossa?
the sphenoid bone, including sella turcica, hypophyseal fossa, dorsum sellae
the temporal bone including the groove for superior petrosal sinus
what are the posterior cranial fossa?
temporal bone with the groove for sigmoid sinus and occipital bone with groove for transverse sinus
what is CN1?
olfactory
what is CN2?
optic
what is CN3?
oculomotor
what is CN4?
trochlear
what is CN5?
trigeminal
what is CN6?
Abducent
what is CN8?
vestibulocochlear
what is CN9?
glossopharyngeal
what is CN10?
vagus
what is CN11?
accessory
what is CN7?
facial
what is CN12?
hypoglossal
how many pairs of spinal nerves?
31 pairs
what are the 3 main venous systems
- intracranial: cerebral veins (sinuses)
- superficial veins
- deep veins
what are the two main veins of the neck?
internal and external jugular veins
what are the subclavian artery branches?
pre-scalene:
- vertebral artery
- internal thoracic artery
- thyrocervical trunk
post-scalene:
- dorsal scapular artery
where does the common carotid artery divides/bifurcates?
C3 or C4
what does the external carotid artery supply to?
face and neck
what does the internal carotid artery supply to?
brain and eyes
what happens when the TMJ is dislocated
the mandible dislocates anterior to the articular tubercle
what are the 4 parts of the TMJ?
- articular disc
- articular tubercle
- mandibular fossa
- mandibular condyles
articular capsule
loose covering around the circumference of the TMJ
TMJ-Sphenomandibular ligament
supporting, extrinsic ligament, it extends from the spine of the sphenoid to the medial surface of the ramus of the mandible
- does not contribute significantly to the strength of the TMJ
-
TMJ-Stylomandibular Ligament
supporting, extrinsic ligament, it extends from the styloid process of the temporal bone to the inferior and posterior borders of ramus of mandible
