Week 4

Question 1

SCALP

Answer 1

Skin, dense CT, Aponeorosis, Loose CT, Pericranium

Question 2

Epicranial aponeurosis

Answer 2

the big strip of white tissue that connects the bellies of the occipitofrontalis muscle

Question 3

how many bellies does the occipitofrontalis muscle have?

Answer 3

2

Question 4

what is the origin of the occipitofrontalis muscle?

Answer 4

galea aponeurotica layer of skull

Question 5

what is the insertion of the occipitofrontalis muscle

Answer 5

frontalis: skin over the eyebrows
occipitalis: superior nuchal line

Question 6

what are the actions of the occipitofrontalis muscle

Answer 6

frontalis: raises eyebrows
occipitalis: anchors and retracts the galea posteriorly

Question 7

what is the innervation of the occipitofrontalis muscle?

Answer 7

CNVII (facial nerve)

Question 8

Orbicularis Oculi

Answer 8

a sphincter muscle arranged in concentric bands around the upper and lower eyelids
main function: close the eyelids when muscle contracts

Question 9

Levator palpebrae superiororis

Answer 9

triangular-shaped muscle located in each upper eyelid
main function: elevate and retract the upper eyelid

Question 10

what innervates levator palpebrae superioris

Answer 10

CN III (oculomotor nerve)

Question 11

functions of muscles of the ears

Answer 11

in animals helps to direct the ears towards the sources of sounds

Question 12

what are the elevators, retractors and evertors of the upper lip

Answer 12

• levator labii superioris
• zygomaticus major and minor
• risoris

Question 13

Orbicularis oris

Answer 13

the sphincter around the mouth, closes and protrudes lips (kissing)

Question 14

Buccinator

Answer 14

in the cheek
- presses cheeks against teeth and lips
- resists distension of the mouth

Question 15

what are the muscles of mastication (chewing)

Answer 15

• temporalis
• masseter
• medial pterygoid
• lateral pterygoid

Question 16

Temporalis

Answer 16

O: temporal fossa and fascia
I: coronoid process and anterior border of ramus of mandible
Innervation: Mandibular nerve (V3)
Function: elevation and retraction of mandible

Question 17

masseter

Answer 17

O: zygomatic arch
I: lateral surface of ramus of mandible
innervation: mandibular nerve (V3)
function: elevation and protraction of mandible

Question 18

medial pterygoid

Answer 18

O: mainly pterygoid process of sphenoid bone
I: medial surface of angle of mandible
Innervation: Mandibular nerve (V3)
function: elevation, protrusion, and contralateral deviation of mandible

Question 19

lateral pterygoid

Answer 19

O: mainly pterygoid process of sphenoid bone
I: articular disc and to the neck of the mandible
Innervation: mandibular nerve (V3)
Function: protrusion and contralateral deviation of mandible

Question 20

Another name for neurocranium?

Answer 20

brain box

Question 21

another name for viscerocranium?

Answer 21

facial skeleton

Question 22

what are the paired neurocranium bones?

Answer 22

parietal and temporal bones

Question 23

what are the unpaired neurocranium bones?

Answer 23

frontal, occipital, sphenoid, ethomoid bones

Question 24

what are the paired viscerocranium bones

Answer 24

lacrimal, nasal, zygomatic, maxilla, inferior nasal concha, palatine bones

Question 25

what are the unpaired viscerocranium bones?

Answer 25

mandible and vomer

Question 26

what bone is at the back of the head?

Answer 26

occipital bone

Question 27

what suture divides the two parietal bones at the top of the skull?

Answer 27

sagittal suture

Question 28

what suture divides the parietal bones to the occipital?

Answer 28

lambdoid suture

Question 29

what suture divide the frontal bone and the parietal?

Answer 29

coronal suture

Question 30

what is the point at which the coronal suture and sagittal suture meet?

Answer 30

bregma

Question 31

what is on the roof of the mouth?

Answer 31

incisive fossa

Question 32

what are the 3 different regions of the bones of cranial base?

Answer 32

anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossa

Question 33

what are the anterior cranial fossa?

Answer 33

ethmoid bone, including crista galli and cribriform plate

Question 34

what are the middle cranial fossa?

Answer 34

the sphenoid bone, including sella turcica, hypophyseal fossa, dorsum sellae the temporal bone including the groove for superior petrosal sinus

Question 35

what are the posterior cranial fossa?

Answer 35

temporal bone with the groove for sigmoid sinus and occipital bone with groove for transverse sinus

Question 36

what is CN1?

Answer 36

olfactory

Question 37

what is CN2?

Answer 37

optic

Question 38

what is CN3?

Answer 38

oculomotor

Question 39

what is CN4?

Answer 39

trochlear

Question 40

what is CN5?

Answer 40

trigeminal

Question 41

what is CN6?

Answer 41

Abducent

Question 42

what is CN8?

Answer 42

vestibulocochlear

Question 43

what is CN9?

Answer 43

glossopharyngeal

Question 44

what is CN10?

Answer 44

vagus

Question 45

what is CN11?

Answer 45

accessory

Question 46

what is CN7?

Answer 46

facial

Question 47

what is CN12?

Answer 47

hypoglossal

Question 48

how many pairs of spinal nerves?

Answer 48

31 pairs

Question 49

what are the 3 main venous systems

Answer 49

1. intracranial: cerebral veins (sinuses) 2. superficial veins 3. deep veins

Question 50

what are the two main veins of the neck?

Answer 50

internal and external jugular veins

Question 51

what are the subclavian artery branches?

Answer 51

pre-scalene: - vertebral artery - internal thoracic artery - thyrocervical trunk post-scalene: - dorsal scapular artery

Question 52

where does the common carotid artery divides/bifurcates?

Answer 52

C3 or C4

Question 53

what does the external carotid artery supply to?

Answer 53

face and neck

Question 54

what does the internal carotid artery supply to?

Answer 54

brain and eyes

Question 55

what happens when the TMJ is dislocated

Answer 55

the mandible dislocates anterior to the articular tubercle

Question 56

what are the 4 parts of the TMJ?

Answer 56

- articular disc - articular tubercle - mandibular fossa - mandibular condyles

Question 57

articular capsule

Answer 57

loose covering around the circumference of the TMJ

Question 58

TMJ-Sphenomandibular ligament

Answer 58

supporting, extrinsic ligament, it extends from the spine of the sphenoid to the medial surface of the ramus of the mandible - does not contribute significantly to the strength of the TMJ -

Question 59

TMJ-Stylomandibular Ligament

Answer 59

supporting, extrinsic ligament, it extends from the styloid process of the temporal bone to the inferior and posterior borders of ramus of mandible