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MSK TEST 1 > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

the study of a structure and the relationships among structures

A

anatomy

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2
Q

what is the standardized method of observing or imaging the body that allows precis and consistent anatomical references

A

anatomical position

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3
Q

if the body is lying face down, it is in the ? position

A

prone

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4
Q

if the body is lying face up, it is in the ? position

A

supine

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5
Q

what is the side lying position called?

A

recumbant or decubitus

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6
Q

a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left sides

A

sagittal plane

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7
Q

what plane divides body into EQUAL right and left sides

A

midsagittal (median) plane

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8
Q

what plane divides body into unequal right and left sides

A

parasagittal plane

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9
Q

what plane divides the body or an organ into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions

A

frontal or coronal plane

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10
Q

what plane divides the body or an organ into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions

A

transverse plane or cross-sectional or horizontal plane

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11
Q

what plane passes through the body or an organ at an angle?

A

oblique plane

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12
Q

what terms describes depth of the structure in relation to the surface of the body

A

superficial/intermediate/deep

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13
Q

describes the structure being closer to midline of the body

A

medial

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14
Q

describes the structure being further from midline

A

lateral

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15
Q

describes the structure being closer to the front of the body

A

anterior or ventral

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16
Q

describes the structure being closer to the back of the body

A

posterior or dorsal

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17
Q

for the hand, we say ? for the anterior and “ for the posterior aspect

A

palmar and dorsum

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18
Q

for the foot we say ? for the top of the foot and ? for the sole of the foot

A

dorsum and plantar

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19
Q

describes structures being closer to the head

A

superior or cephalad

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20
Q

describes structures further from the head, towards the feet

A

inferior or caudad or caudal

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21
Q

describes the structure being closer to the origin or trunk

A

proximal

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22
Q

describes the structure being further from the origin or trunk

A

distal

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23
Q

closer to the surface (skin) of the body

A

external

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24
Q

closer to the bones of the body

A

internal

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25
on the same side
ipsilateral
26
on the opposite side of the body
contralateral
27
both sides
bilateral
28
one side only
unilateral
29
bending the body part or decreasing the angle between the body parts
flexion
30
straightening the body part or increasing the angle between body parts
extension
31
moving away from the median plane
abduction
32
moving towards the median plane
adduction
33
movement around the long axis medial/internal or lateral/external
rotation
34
combination of movements which includes flexion, extension, adduction and abduction
circumduction
35
moving the structure anteriorly/forward
protraction
36
moving the structure posteriorly/backward
retraction
37
raising the structure superiorly
elevation
38
lowering the structure inferiorly
depression
39
the forearm is rotated laterally (palm up)
supination
40
the forearm is rotated medially (palm down)
pronation
41
thumb moves medially to meet the other fingers
opposition
42
put the thumb back to a neutral position
reposition
43
plantar surface of the foot moves laterally (away from the midline)
eversion
44
plantar surface of the foot moves medially (towards the midline)
inversion
45
bending the ankle towards the shin
dorsiflexion
46
bending the ankle towards the posterior/back of the body
plantar flexion
47
superficial thin layer which provides the strength to bones for weight bearing
compact bone
48
found deep to compact bone and superficial to the marrow cavity
spongy/cancellous/ trabecular bone
49
what is an articulation between 2 bones
joint
50
two classification of joints
structure or function
51
what are the 3 structure joints
fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial
52
what joint is held together by fibrous connective tissue
fibrous
53
what joint is held together by cartilage (hyaline or fibrocartilage)
cartilaginous
54
what structural joint is involved in holding the joints together
synovial
55
what are the 3 function joints
synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis
56
types of fibrous joints
suture, syndesmosis, gomphosis
57
what fibrous joint is found between the bones of the skull and is synarthrodial
suture
58
what fibrous joint is connected by a fibrous connective tissue and is amphiarthrodial
syndesmosis
59
what fibrous joint is between a tooth and it's socket and is synarthrodial
gomphosis
60
little to no movement
synarthrosis
61
some movement
amphiarthrosis
62
freely moveable
diarthrosis
63
what are the types of cartilaginous joints
synchondrosis and symphysis
64
synchondrosis is ?
primary cartilaginous joint because the bones are connected by hyaline cartilage
65
symphysis is a ?
secondary cartilaginous joint because the bones are joined by fibrocartilage
66
what are the types of synovial joints
planar, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, and ball and socket
67
what are the synovial joint components
- synovial membrane - synovial cavity - synovial fluid - articular cartilage - accessory ligaments
68
fibrocartilaginous discs found at joints under high stress
intra-articular discs
69
fibrocartilaginous disc found between the femur and tibia
Menisci
70
joint that has 2 relatively flat surfaces articulating together, allows gliding and sliding motions, has 1 degree of freedom
planar synovial joint
71
joint cylindrical surface fitting into a cylindrical groove and allows for 1 degree of freedom
hinge synovial joint
72
joint like fitting into a ring and allows for 1 degree of freedom
pivot synovial joint
73
joint that is oval shaped projection fitting into an elliptical hole and allow for 2 degrees of freedom
condyloid synovial joint
74
joint that has opposing surfaces that are reciprocally concave-convex and allows for 2 degrees of freedom
saddle synovial joint
75
joint that has a spherical surface fitting into a bowl shaped socket and allows for 3 degrees of freedom
ball and socket synovial joint
76
3 types of muscle tissues
skeletal muscle tissue cardiac muscle tissue smooth muscle tissue
77
this muscle tissue is primarily attached to bones and is voluntary
skeletal
78
this muscle tissue forms the wall of the heart and it is involuntary
cardiac
79
this muscle tissue is located in the walls of organs and is involuntary
smooth
80
3 types of muscular actions
isometric, concentric, eccentric
81
the muscle contracts, produces force, but no gross movement of the muscle occurs
isometric
82
the muscle shortens while contracting, producing acceleration of body segments
concentric
83
the muscle lengthens while contracting
eccentric
84
the principle muscle producing a joint motion or maintaining a posture, always contracts actively
agonist
85
the muscle that has the opposite anatomic action of the agonist
antagonist
86
the muscle that contracts at the same time as the agonist
synergist
87
muscles that are active isometrically to keep a limb from moving when the agonist muscle contracts
stabilizer/fixator/supporter
88
what is a cord of dense connective tissue that attaches a muscle to the bone, or to the skin or to another muscle
a tendon
89
what is a tendon that extends as a broad, flat layer
aponeurosis
90
tube like structure made by connective tissue that wraps around tendons
tendon sheaths
91
two types of fascia
superficial and deep
92
fascia that is loose connective tissue and fat underlying the skin
superficial fascia
93
fascia that is dense irregular connective tissue under the superficial fascia that wraps the body
deep fascia
94
what is an enclosed, cable-like bundle of dendrites or axons
nerve
95
nerves that receive sensory stimuli
sensory nerves
96
nerves that allow the brain to stimulate muscle contraction
motor nerves
97
nerves that refers to the mixed sensory and motor spinal nerves, which comes out of the spinal cord
spinal nerves
98
nerves that emerge directly from the brain
cranial nerves

MSK TEST 1 (6 decks)

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