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MSK TEST 1 > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

the study of a structure and the relationships among structures

A

anatomy

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2
Q

what is the standardized method of observing or imaging the body that allows precis and consistent anatomical references

A

anatomical position

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3
Q

if the body is lying face down, it is in the ? position

A

prone

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4
Q

if the body is lying face up, it is in the ? position

A

supine

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5
Q

what is the side lying position called?

A

recumbant or decubitus

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6
Q

a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left sides

A

sagittal plane

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7
Q

what plane divides body into EQUAL right and left sides

A

midsagittal (median) plane

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8
Q

what plane divides body into unequal right and left sides

A

parasagittal plane

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9
Q

what plane divides the body or an organ into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions

A

frontal or coronal plane

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10
Q

what plane divides the body or an organ into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions

A

transverse plane or cross-sectional or horizontal plane

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11
Q

what plane passes through the body or an organ at an angle?

A

oblique plane

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12
Q

what terms describes depth of the structure in relation to the surface of the body

A

superficial/intermediate/deep

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13
Q

describes the structure being closer to midline of the body

A

medial

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14
Q

describes the structure being further from midline

A

lateral

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15
Q

describes the structure being closer to the front of the body

A

anterior or ventral

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16
Q

describes the structure being closer to the back of the body

A

posterior or dorsal

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17
Q

for the hand, we say ? for the anterior and “ for the posterior aspect

A

palmar and dorsum

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18
Q

for the foot we say ? for the top of the foot and ? for the sole of the foot

A

dorsum and plantar

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19
Q

describes structures being closer to the head

A

superior or cephalad

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20
Q

describes structures further from the head, towards the feet

A

inferior or caudad or caudal

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21
Q

describes the structure being closer to the origin or trunk

A

proximal

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22
Q

describes the structure being further from the origin or trunk

A

distal

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23
Q

closer to the surface (skin) of the body

A

external

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24
Q

closer to the bones of the body

A

internal

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25
Q

on the same side

A

ipsilateral

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26
Q

on the opposite side of the body

A

contralateral

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27
Q

both sides

A

bilateral

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28
Q

one side only

A

unilateral

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29
Q

bending the body part or decreasing the angle between the body parts

A

flexion

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30
Q

straightening the body part or increasing the angle between body parts

A

extension

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31
Q

moving away from the median plane

A

abduction

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32
Q

moving towards the median plane

A

adduction

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33
Q

movement around the long axis medial/internal or lateral/external

A

rotation

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34
Q

combination of movements which includes flexion, extension, adduction and abduction

A

circumduction

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35
Q

moving the structure anteriorly/forward

A

protraction

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36
Q

moving the structure posteriorly/backward

A

retraction

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37
Q

raising the structure superiorly

A

elevation

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38
Q

lowering the structure inferiorly

A

depression

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39
Q

the forearm is rotated laterally (palm up)

A

supination

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40
Q

the forearm is rotated medially (palm down)

A

pronation

41
Q

thumb moves medially to meet the other fingers

A

opposition

42
Q

put the thumb back to a neutral position

A

reposition

43
Q

plantar surface of the foot moves laterally (away from the midline)

A

eversion

44
Q

plantar surface of the foot moves medially (towards the midline)

A

inversion

45
Q

bending the ankle towards the shin

A

dorsiflexion

46
Q

bending the ankle towards the posterior/back of the body

A

plantar flexion

47
Q

superficial thin layer which provides the strength to bones for weight bearing

A

compact bone

48
Q

found deep to compact bone and superficial to the marrow cavity

A

spongy/cancellous/ trabecular bone

49
Q

what is an articulation between 2 bones

A

joint

50
Q

two classification of joints

A

structure or function

51
Q

what are the 3 structure joints

A

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

52
Q

what joint is held together by fibrous connective tissue

A

fibrous

53
Q

what joint is held together by cartilage (hyaline or fibrocartilage)

A

cartilaginous

54
Q

what structural joint is involved in holding the joints together

A

synovial

55
Q

what are the 3 function joints

A

synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis

56
Q

types of fibrous joints

A

suture, syndesmosis, gomphosis

57
Q

what fibrous joint is found between the bones of the skull and is synarthrodial

A

suture

58
Q

what fibrous joint is connected by a fibrous connective tissue and is amphiarthrodial

A

syndesmosis

59
Q

what fibrous joint is between a tooth and it’s socket and is synarthrodial

A

gomphosis

60
Q

little to no movement

A

synarthrosis

61
Q

some movement

A

amphiarthrosis

62
Q

freely moveable

A

diarthrosis

63
Q

what are the types of cartilaginous joints

A

synchondrosis and symphysis

64
Q

synchondrosis is ?

A

primary cartilaginous joint because the bones are connected by hyaline cartilage

65
Q

symphysis is a ?

A

secondary cartilaginous joint because the bones are joined by fibrocartilage

66
Q

what are the types of synovial joints

A

planar, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, and ball and socket

67
Q

what are the synovial joint components

A
  • synovial membrane
  • synovial cavity
  • synovial fluid
  • articular cartilage
  • accessory ligaments
68
Q

fibrocartilaginous discs found at joints under high stress

A

intra-articular discs

69
Q

fibrocartilaginous disc found between the femur and tibia

A

Menisci

70
Q

joint that has 2 relatively flat surfaces articulating together, allows gliding and sliding motions, has 1 degree of freedom

A

planar synovial joint

71
Q

joint cylindrical surface fitting into a cylindrical groove and allows for 1 degree of freedom

A

hinge synovial joint

72
Q

joint like fitting into a ring and allows for 1 degree of freedom

A

pivot synovial joint

73
Q

joint that is oval shaped projection fitting into an elliptical hole and allow for 2 degrees of freedom

A

condyloid synovial joint

74
Q

joint that has opposing surfaces that are reciprocally concave-convex and allows for 2 degrees of freedom

A

saddle synovial joint

75
Q

joint that has a spherical surface fitting into a bowl shaped socket and allows for 3 degrees of freedom

A

ball and socket synovial joint

76
Q

3 types of muscle tissues

A

skeletal muscle tissue
cardiac muscle tissue
smooth muscle tissue

77
Q

this muscle tissue is primarily attached to bones and is voluntary

A

skeletal

78
Q

this muscle tissue forms the wall of the heart and it is involuntary

A

cardiac

79
Q

this muscle tissue is located in the walls of organs and is involuntary

A

smooth

80
Q

3 types of muscular actions

A

isometric, concentric, eccentric

81
Q

the muscle contracts, produces force, but no gross movement of the muscle occurs

A

isometric

82
Q

the muscle shortens while contracting, producing acceleration of body segments

A

concentric

83
Q

the muscle lengthens while contracting

A

eccentric

84
Q

the principle muscle producing a joint motion or maintaining a posture, always contracts actively

A

agonist

85
Q

the muscle that has the opposite anatomic action of the agonist

A

antagonist

86
Q

the muscle that contracts at the same time as the agonist

A

synergist

87
Q

muscles that are active isometrically to keep a limb from moving when the agonist muscle contracts

A

stabilizer/fixator/supporter

88
Q

what is a cord of dense connective tissue that attaches a muscle to the bone, or to the skin or to another muscle

A

a tendon

89
Q

what is a tendon that extends as a broad, flat layer

A

aponeurosis

90
Q

tube like structure made by connective tissue that wraps around tendons

A

tendon sheaths

91
Q

two types of fascia

A

superficial and deep

92
Q

fascia that is loose connective tissue and fat underlying the skin

A

superficial fascia

93
Q

fascia that is dense irregular connective tissue under the superficial fascia that wraps the body

A

deep fascia

94
Q

what is an enclosed, cable-like bundle of dendrites or axons

A

nerve

95
Q

nerves that receive sensory stimuli

A

sensory nerves

96
Q

nerves that allow the brain to stimulate muscle contraction

A

motor nerves

97
Q

nerves that refers to the mixed sensory and motor spinal nerves, which comes out of the spinal cord

A

spinal nerves

98
Q

nerves that emerge directly from the brain

A

cranial nerves

MSK TEST 1 (6 decks)

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