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MSK TEST 1 > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How many Vertebrae do we have?

A

33

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2
Q

how many regions of the spine do we have?

A

5

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3
Q
A
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4
Q
A
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5
Q

what are the regions of the spine?

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal

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6
Q

how many vertebrae per region

A

7,12,5,5,2-4 fuse to make the coccyx

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7
Q

kyphotic

A

primary (first degree) curvatures which is concave anteriorly

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8
Q

what curvature is developed during the fetal period?

A

kyphotic curvature

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9
Q

Lordotic curves

A

secondary (second degree) curvatures which is concave posteriorly

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10
Q

cervical lordosis

A

develops when infants begin to hold their heads up

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11
Q

lumbar lordosis

A

develops when toddlers begin standing and walking

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12
Q

what is the opening between the vertebral body and vertebral arch and hose the spinal cord

A

vertebral foramen

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13
Q

the opening that is formed between pedicles of the adjacent vertebrae?

A

intervertebral foramen

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14
Q

how many spinal nerves are there?

A

31 pairs

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15
Q

what are the main common features of the typical cervical vertebrae?

A
  • small body
  • transverse foramen in transverse process
  • bifurcated SPs
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16
Q

what is C1?

A

Atlas

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17
Q

special features of C1?

A

no body
no laminae
no pedicle
anterior arch - posterior side has the facet for dens
posterior arch

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18
Q

what is the exceptional feature of C2

A

odontoid process (dens axis) which permits rotation of the atlas on the axis bone

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19
Q

vertebra prominens

A

7th cervical verteba, the most distinctive characterstic of the vertebra because of long spinous process which is palpable

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20
Q

Main characteristics of a typical thoracic vertebra

A
  • costal facet on the side of the bodes and
  • costal facet on the transverse process (transverse costal facet) for articulation with the tubercles except T11 and 12
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21
Q

types of ribs

A

true (1-7), false (8-10) and free/floating (11-12)

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22
Q

what are true ribs?

A

direct attachment to the sternum

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23
Q

what are false ribs?

A

indirect attachment to the sternum (attach to the costal cartilage of rib 7)

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24
Q

what are free/floating ribs

A

no attachment to the sternum

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25
Q

what are the atypical ribs?

A

1,2,10,11,12

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26
Q

describe the 1st rib

A
  • flattened and wider
  • has a tubercle on the inner (medial) border = scalene tubercle for the insertion of the 1st rib
  • does not ahve angle or costal groove
  • head only articulates with the body of T1
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27
Q

2nd rib

A

don’t not have costal groove

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28
Q

10th rib

A

have only a single articular facet on its head

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29
Q

11th rib

A

have a single articular facet on the head, no neck or tubercle
has a slight angle and shallow costal groove

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30
Q

12th rib

A

only a single articular facet on the head, no neck or tubercle, no angle or costal groove

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31
Q

Manubrium

A

upper part of the sternum that articulates with the clavicles and contains the jugular notch
first rib - joints to the notch
second rib also joints to the manubrium

32
Q

body of sternum

A

articulation of with the lower part of the second costal cartilage and ribs 3-6

33
Q

sternal angle (angle of Louis)

A

junction of the manubrium and the body of the sternum in the form of a cartilaginous joint

34
Q

characteristics of the lumbar vertebrae

A

body is massive, TPs are long and slender

35
Q

what are the intervertebral discs composed of?

A

annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus

36
Q

annulus fibrosus

A

made of collagen fibers which surround the nucleus pulposus

37
Q

nucleus pulposus

A

fills the central part of the disc and is gelatinous which absorbs compression forces

38
Q

where are there no discs?

A

b/w atlas and skull, atlas and axis, sacral segments, and coccygeal segments

39
Q

anterior intervertebral joint

A

joint between the bodies of the vertebrae articulate with the body of the upper and lower vertebra via intervertebral disc

40
Q

what are the ligaments that hold the anterior intervertebral joing

A

anterior longitudinal ligament and posterior longitudinal ligament

41
Q

anterior longitudinal ligament

A

extends along the anterior surfaces of the bodies of the vertebrae from occipital bone to the sacrum
- limits backward bending and supports the anterior convexity

42
Q

posterior longitudinal ligament

A

within the vertebral canal, extends along the posterior surfaces of the bodies of the vertebrae, from the body of the axis to the sacrum

43
Q

explain herniation

A

Annular fibers degrade as we age and fail to contain the nucleus in place, the nucleus will push its way out of place and that will cause disc herniation

44
Q

posterior intervertebral joint

A

articular processes of each vertebra articular with the upper and lower articular processes
- zygapophysical (facet) joint

45
Q

what type of joint is the facet joint

A

synovial planar joint

46
Q

what are the ligaments that support the facet joints?

A
  • ligamenta flava
  • supraspinous ligament
  • interspinous ligaments
  • intertransverse ligaments
47
Q

ligamenta flava

A

connects C2 to the S1, lamina to lamin

48
Q

supraspinous ligament

A

connect the apices of the spinous process from the 7th cervical spine to the sacrum

49
Q

interspinous ligaments

A

connect spinous process basically in betweent eh spinous processes

50
Q

intertransverse ligaments

A

between the transverse processes

51
Q

ligamentum nucha

A

extends from the occipital protuberance to the spinous process of the 7th cervical vertebra

52
Q
A
53
Q

how many atlantoaxial joints are there

A

3, 2 lateral and 1 medial

54
Q

the lateral atlantoaxial joints are ? joints made between the ? and the ?

A

synovial gliding, lateral masses of the atlas, superior articular processes of the axis

55
Q

the medial atlantoaxial joint is a ? joint between the ? and the ring formed by the ? of the atlas

A

synovial pivot, odontoid process of the axis, anterior arch and the transverse ligament

56
Q

anterior atlantoaxial ligament

A

lower border of the anterior arch of the atlas to the front of the body of the axis

57
Q

posterior atlantoaxial ligament

A

lower border of the posterior arch of the atlas to the upper edges of the laminae of the axis

58
Q

transverse ligament

A

thick strong band that arches across the ring of the atlas and keeps the dens of axis in place, has superior and inferior bands

59
Q

cruciate ligament of the atlas

A

contains the transverse ligament of atlas with its superior and inferior bands

60
Q

tectorial membrane

A

within the vertebral canal, over the cruciate ligament and is a prologation upwards of the PLL

61
Q

alar ligaments

A

either side of the upper part of the odontoid process and passing obliquely upward and lateral ward, inserts on the medial side of the condyles of the occipital bone

62
Q

atlantooccipital joint

A

articulation of the atlas with the occipital bone consists of a pair of synovial condyloid joints

63
Q

anterior atlantooccipital membran

A

passes b/w the anterior margin of the foramen magnum and anterior arch of the atlas

64
Q

posterior atlantooccipital membrane

A

passes b/w the posterior margin of the foramen magnum and the posterior arch of the atlas

65
Q

Luschka’s Joint

A

between the uncinate process of the cervical vertebrae, b/w C3 and C7

66
Q

costovertebral joint

A

articulations of the head of the ribs with the facets on the side of the bodies of thoracic vertebrae and intervertebral discs

67
Q

which ribs articulates with a single vertevra

A

1st, 10th, 11th, and 12th ribs

68
Q

radiate ligament of head of rib

A

connects the anterior part of the head of each rib with the side of the bodies of two vertebrae, and the intervertebral disc between them

69
Q

Intra-rticular ligament of head of rib

A

situated in the joint’s interior
- Attaches on one end to the crest separating the two articular facets on the head of the rib, and on the other end to the intervertebral disc

70
Q

Costotransverse joints

A

Formed between the tubercle of the rib with the articular surface on the adjacent transverse process (diarthrodial joint)

71
Q

superior costotransverse ligament

A

attached below to the upper border of the neck of the rib and to the transverse process immediately above

72
Q

costotransverse ligament

A

connects the rough surface on the back of the neck of the rib with the anterior surface of the adjacent transverse process

73
Q

lateral costotransverse ligament

A

passes obliquely from the tip of the transverse process to the rough non-articular tubercle of the rib

74
Q

articulations of the cartilage of the true ribs with the sternum are?

A

synovial joints except for the first rib which is hyaline cartilage

75
Q

radiate sternocostal ligaments

A

connects the front and back of the sternal ends of the cartilages of the true ribs to the anterior and posterior surfaces of the sternum

76
Q

what is the motion when the ribs move superior and lateral direction

A

“bucket handle” motion

77
Q

what is the motion of the sternum that moves in a superior direction

A

“pump handle”

MSK TEST 1 (6 decks)

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