Week 4 Flashcards
What is the Corticospinal tract?
This tract will start in the cerebral cortex and end in the spinal cord
What is the pyramidal tract?
What are the upper motor neurons?
What are the lower motor neurons?
What happens during medullary pyramidal decussation?
What is ischemia?
an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body
What is infarct?
an area of dead tissue resulting from failure of blood supply
What is a hemorrhage?
a loss of blood from a ruptured blood vessel
What is atherosclerosis?
a disease in which plaques of fatty material are deposited on the inner walls of arteries
What is the corticospinal tract composed of and what area is it located in?
Composed of fibers and in Brodmann’s areas 1-8
What are the medullary pyramids composed of?
corticospinal fibers
A large percent of the medullary pyramid fibers decussate at the _____ and form the _________
- caudal end of the medulla
- lateral corticospinal tract
The remaining fibers (from the medullary pyramids) descend the _____ in the _________ and decussate further down
1.spinal cord
2. anterior corticospinal tract
Where do all corticospinal tract neurons ultimately synapse?
in the central form of the spinal cord
What is a destructive lesson?
an injury that results in damage or necrosis of tissue
What is a irritative lesion?
a tissue injury that causes stimulation of the involved tissue, meaning there is a increase in firing rates of neurons
Where can an irritative lesion be inferred from?
a seizure onset zone (SOZ)
What is a seizure?
a seizure refers to abnormal, synchronous electrical activity in the brain leading to signs and symptoms in the form of motor (convulsions), sensory and alterations in consciousness
What is a Jacksonian march?
a motor seizure that usually progresses from the hand toward the ipsilateral face
What is Flaccid paresis?
a type pf paresis characterized by weakness with decreased muscle tone and decreased deep tendon reflexes
True or False: Flaccid paresis are suggestive of a upper motor neuron lesion
False; of a lower motor neuron lesion
True or False: Spastic paresis are suggestive of a lower motor neuron lesion
False; of an upper motor neuron lesion
What is Spastic paresis?
a type paresis characterized by increased muscle tone and increased deep tendon reflexes
What are the two types of intramural muscle fibers?
Bag fibers and chain fibers
What are Golgi Tendon Organs and where are they located?
proprioceptive receptor organs located in tendons close to their junction with muscle fibers
What is a Ischemic Stroke?
areas with lack of blood so naturally oxygen
What is a hemorrhagic stroke?
area of bleeding; blood spills out from break in blood vessel in brain
What is a stroke
a disruption of blood supply in the brain or spinal cord leading to cell damage or death
What is Guillian-Barre Syndrome?
a post-infectious immune-mediated disease directed against the axons and myelin of the PNS
What are some risk factors of GBS?
being a young man (slightly increased risk)
-Viral infections, such as HIV/AIDS, herpes, respiratory infections, and mononucleosis
-Bacterial infections
-Hodgkin disease, a malignant disease of the lymphatic system
-Systemic lupus erythromatosus, an autoimmune disease of the skin and other organs
-Recent surgery
What is Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP)?
typically begins with muscle weakness that starts in the lower extremities and spreads upward
What is Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS)?
begins with paresis or paralysis of the extraocular muscles.
What is cute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) and acute motor-sensory axonal neuropathy?
cause by
motor axonal degeneration with antibody-mediated attacks of motor nerves and nodes of Ranvier, and is characterized by acute paralysis and loss of reflexes without sensory loss.
