Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Neuroscience > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What is the sensation of a mechanical stimulus?

A

Perceptions of touch, pressure, stretch, flutter/vibration, hearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the sensation for a thermal stimulus?

A

Perceptions of hot and cold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the sensation for a photic stimulus?

A

Perception of light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the sensation for a chemical stimulus?

A

Perceptions of taste, smell and pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many people observe “subjectively”?

A

Only one person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many people observe “objectively”?

A

Two or more people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the definition of a stimulus?

A

An objective, quantitative environmental interaction that is conveyed to the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the definition of a sensation?

A

A subjective, qualitative characterization of a stimulus at the level of consciousness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are C fibers?

A

non-myelinated afferent axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What sensors fall under the caterogy of C fibers?

A

many pain sensors and warm/cold sensors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are A-delta fiber?

A

thinly myelinated, smallest and slowest conducting of the myelinated afferents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What kind of sensation do A-delta fibers respond from?

A

sharp, quick pain, some crude touch and temperature sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are A-beta fibers?

A

large, fast, conducting myelinated afferents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where are there afferents located that belong in the category of A-beta fibers?

A

Meissners corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, Merkel’s discs and hair follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

True or False: Pseudonipolar neurons are specialized sensory neurons

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are somatic sensations?

A

bodily sensations arising from the external environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are visceral sensations?

A

bodily sensations arising from the internal environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the receptive field?

A

that region of sensory space(body’s surface or sensory environment) where a stimulus is transduced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is sensory transduction?

A

the conversion of physical energy into action potentials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are proprioceptors?

A

they are modified muscle cells (myocytes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What do proprioceptors contribute to and where are they found?

A

Body position sense and found among normal muscle cells (the junctions between muscles and tendons)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are nociceptors, where are they located and what do they respond to?

A

“free” “naked” nerve endings which are sensory receptors for painful stimuli and are present in the skin and respond to tissue damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is mechanical nociception?

A

the detection of mechanical aspects of pinch, stab, cut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is thermal nociception?

A

the detection of extreme heat or cold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is chemical nociception?

A

the detection of various chemicals released as the result of tissue damage

26
Q

Many nociceptors are [ ] nociceptors

A

Polymodal

27
Q

What is the role of transient receptor potential channels?

A

playing a role in pain and temperature detection and regulation

28
Q

What does TRP channels stand for?

A

transient receptor potential channels

29
Q

What is hyperalgesia?

A

abnormally heightened sensitivity to pain

30
Q

What is peripheral sensitization?

A

reduction of activation threshold and increased responsiveness of the peripheral ends of nociceptors

31
Q

What is central sensitization?

A

increased excitability of neurons in the CNS in response to stimulation, creating abnormal sensation

32
Q

What does the insula help with?

A

helps to build an image of the body that’s informed by our internal states

33
Q

What is the cingulate cortex involved in?

A

the prefrontal cortical networks that evaluate the conse

34
Q

What is the dorsal root ganglia?

A

has the cell bodies of sensory receptor neurons

35
Q

Where are the dorsal root ganglia located?

A

peripheral nervous system am send their axonal projections into the central nervous system

36
Q

State the Bell-Magendie law

A

The dorsal roots of the spinal cord are sensory and the ventral root are motor

37
Q

What is a radicle?

A

a small rootlike part or structure, such as the beginning of a nerve

38
Q

What does DCML (pathway) stand for?

A

Dorsal column medial lemniscus pathway

39
Q

What does the DCML pathway carry?

A

Carries conscious proprioception, vibration, touch, pressure and discriminative touch

40
Q

The DCML carries its components from the [ ] to the [ ]

A

from the [periphery] to the [ cortex]

41
Q

What are the first order neurons in the DCML pathway?

A

mechanosensory receptor neurons

42
Q

True or False: the DCML pathway is the first center somatosensory pathway

A

True

43
Q

What does LSTT (pathway) stand for?

A

lateral spinothalamic tract

44
Q

The lateral STT is also known as the ..

A

anterolateral system

45
Q

What does the LSTT carry?

A

pain and temperture

46
Q

The LSTT carries its components from [ ] to the [ ] and runs parallel the what pathway

A

[periphery] to the [cortex] and runs parallel to the [DCML] pathway

47
Q

What is the sensation from a Meissner’s Corpuscle?

A

touch velocity, flutter

48
Q

What are mechanoreceptors?

A

type pf somatosensory receptors which relay extracellular stimulus to intracellular signal transduction through mechanically gated ion channels

49
Q

What is the sensation from a Pacinian Corpuscle?

A

touch acceleration, vibration

50
Q

What is the sensation from a merkel cell?

A

touch intensity, duration, velocity, pressure

51
Q

What is the sensation from a ruffini Corpuscle?

A

pressure, vibration, stretch, distension, displacement

52
Q

What is the sensation from a Peritrichal Receptor?

A

movement of hairs, direction, velocity

53
Q

What is the sensation from Neuromuscular spindles?

A

muscle stretch (dynamic and static)

54
Q

What is the sensation from golgi tendon organs?

A

muscle tension

55
Q

Match the mechanoreceptor to adapting speed
merkel cell [ ]
Meissner’s Corpuscle [ ]
Peritrichal Receptor [ ]
Pacinian Corpuscle [ ]
golgi tendon organs [ ]
ruffini Corpuscle [ ]
Neuromuscular spindles [ ]

A

[SA]
[RA]
[SA, RA]
[RA]
[ NEITHER]
[SA]
[NEITHER]

56
Q

Where are Meissner’s Corpuscles?

A

located mainly at the dermo-epidermal junction, found in the hand, volar forearm, sole of the foot, lips and oral mucosa

57
Q

Where are pacinian Corpuscles?

A

located in the hypodrmis of the hand, arm and external genitalia
additionally, in the periosteum, joint capsules, mesentery, pancreas and urinary bladder

58
Q

Where are merkel cells?

A

all over the body but greatest density in the hands

59
Q

Where are ruffini corpuscles?

A

located in the dermis of the skin of the hands, nail beds, tendon attachments, gingiva and periodontal ligament

60
Q

Where are Peritrichal receptors?

A

surround the base and proximal shafts of hairs over the whole body

61
Q

Fill in:
There are [ ] pairs of spinal nerves, 8 [ ], 12 [ ], [ ] lumbar, 5 [ ], and [ ] coccygeal, making up [ ] nerves in all

A

[31], [cervical], [thoracic], [5], [sacral] and [1], [62]

62
Q

What is the dermatome?

A

the area of skin that is innervated by a single dorsal root of the spinal cord

Medical Neuroscience (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions