Week 1

Question 1

dorsal

Answer 1

toward the back

Question 2

medial

Answer 2

toward the middle

Question 3

lateral

Answer 3

toward the side

Question 4

anterior

Answer 4

rostral, toward the tail

Question 5

superior

Answer 5

above

Question 6

inferior

Answer 6

below

Question 7

proximal

Answer 7

close

Question 8

distal

Answer 8

far

Question 9

ipsilateral

Answer 9

same side

Question 10

contralateral

Answer 10

opposite side

Question 11

horizontal

Answer 11

parallel to the ground

Question 12

How would you describe a coronal (frontal) cut?

Answer 12

like slicing bread

Question 13

sagittal

Answer 13

a midsagittal section separates the left and right hemispheres

Question 14

What two parts make up the Central nervous system (CNS)?

Answer 14

brain + spinal cord

Question 15

What floats in cerebrospinal fluid and where else can it be found?

Answer 15

CNS floats in it, within the meninges of cranial vault and spinal cord

Question 16

What two components make up the Peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Answer 16

all nerves + ganglia

Question 17

What is the function of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

Answer 17

brings sensory signals into CNS and motor signals out

Question 18

What is the function of the Somatic nervous system?

Answer 18

voluntary control of body movements vis skeletal muscles

Question 19

What is the function of the autonomic nervous sysyem?

Answer 19

exerts involuntary control over smooth muscle and glands

Question 20

the PNS is made up of what two nervous systems?

Answer 20

somatic and autonomic

Question 21

SNS [blank] sensory fibers carry signals toward CNS

Answer 21

afferent (arriving)

Question 22

SNS [blank] motor fibers carry signals away from CNS

Answer 22

efferent (exiting)

Question 23

ANS only has [blank] fibers

Answer 23

efferent

Question 24

What are the 4 sections of the neural tube

Answer 24

forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord

Question 25

Forebrain =

Answer 25

prosencephalon

Question 26

midbrain =

Answer 26

mesencephalon

Question 27

hindbrain =

Answer 27

rhombencephalon

Question 28

what kind of functions do not require conscious control?

Answer 28

respiration, heart rate, digestion

Question 29

what nervous system is responsible for unconscious control?

Answer 29

autonomic (automatic)

Question 30

what are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 30

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 31

what is the logo for the sympathetic NS?

Answer 31

fight or flight

Question 32

what is the logo for the parasympathetic NS?

Answer 32

rest and digest

Question 33

the nervous system includes what types of cells?

Answer 33

neurons and glia

Question 34

True or False: Neurons are responsible for communication in the nervous system

Answer 34

true

Question 35

True or False: Glia cells are supportive cells in the nervous system and non-neuronal cells

Answer 35

true

Question 36

what is the function of the neurons?

Answer 36

(T)ransduce signals from external environment, (C)arry signals to other neurons for processing, (S)end signals out to actuate muscles and glands

Question 37

what is the function of the glia?

Answer 37

maintain homeostasis, form myelin, structural support, protection for neurons in CNS and PNS

Question 38

Neurons have basics that other cells have, including: a) golgi apparatus b) dendrites c) nothing else d) dendrites and axon

Answer 38

d) dendrites and axon

Question 39

True or False: signaling between cells happen in the nucleus

Answer 39

False - it happens at synapes

Question 40

You can also refer to an axon as a...

Answer 40

fiber(s)

Question 41

what is the function of axons?

Answer 41

to transmit signals to other neurons, muscles or glands and making contact with other cells at synapses

Question 42

what other cells are in the nervous system?

Answer 42

sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons (SIMs)

Question 43

what happens within the resting membrane potential?

Answer 43

this is when excitable cells including muscles, glands, and neurons results from the differential distribution gradient of ions, primarily Na+ and K+

Question 44

what are the three types of most common glial cells?

Answer 44

astrocyte, oligodendrocyte, and microglia

Question 45

what are the four types of less understood glial cells?

Answer 45

satellite, ependymal, radial, enteric

Question 46

what is the most common neural tube defect?

Answer 46

spina bifida

Question 47

What are the three components of the meninges?

Answer 47

1) an outer dura mater 2) arachnoid mater 3) pia mater

Question 48

what are three common ways the spinal cord can be injured?

Answer 48

1)traumatic injury 2)tumor 3)bone growth

Question 49

how many weeks into gestation is ultrasounds capable of detecting most neural tube defects?

Answer 49

18-20 weeks

Question 50

what are some forms of assistive devices that may be helpful in cases of spina bifida?

Answer 50

crutches, walker, wheelchair, orthotics

Question 51

What is spina bifida occulta?

Answer 51

when the vertebral arch doesn't form completely

Question 52

what is meningocele?

Answer 52

a form of spina bifida where the meninges protrude through a gap in the spine.

Question 53

what is myelomeningocele?

Answer 53

where the cauda equina, dura and arachnoid mater of the meninges protrude though a gap in the spine

Question 54

what is the name of the fluid that bathes the brain?

Answer 54

CFS