Week 4 Flashcards
What are 2 appropriate questions to ask for the CV/PV ROS?
Ask about any chest pain or pressure and if there is an irregular heartbeat/palpitations
The diaphragm and bell of the stethoscope are useful for what general frequency of sounds?
High and low frequency, respectively
What is the general presentation for symptoms of right sided CHF?
systemic congestion
What is the general presentation for symptoms of Left sided CHF?
pulmonary congestion
What are signs and symptoms of right sided heart failure?
Symptoms: chest pain/discomfort, bluish lips/fingers
Signs: hepatomegaly, JVD, peripheral edema
What are signs and symptoms of left sided heart failure?
Symptoms: cough, orthopnea, PND (also chest pain, etc)
Signs: Displaced PMI
Define claudication
Pain, tingling, discomfort often in legs/buttocks upon exercise secondary to decreased blood flow
How is carotid pulse related to S1 and S2 heart sounds?
Carotid upstroke immediately follows S1
What four conditions could cause a delayed carotid upstroke?
Decreased stroke volume, hypovolemia, decreased LV contraction, and atherosclerotic disease
What does the S1 heart sound represent?
The closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves
What does the S2 heart sound represent?
The closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves
What conditions could be related to an S3 heart sound?
Mitral regurgitation, hypokinesia following MI, heart failure
What conditions could be related to an S4 heart sound?
Decreased ventricular compliance
What is a murmur?
A sound produced by turbulent blood flow in the heart (usually across a valve)
What is a gallop?
An abnormal rhythm associated most commonly with an S3 or S4 heart sound
