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Microbio > Week 4 > Flashcards

Week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Taxonomy?

A

Category of living things based on hierarchy of relatedness.

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2
Q

T or F? Moving up in taxonomy things become more related.

A

False, moving down they become more related.

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3
Q

Taxonomy uses what for naming?

A

Binomial nomenclature.

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4
Q

Binomial nomenclature was introduced by?

A

Carolus Linnaeus (mid 1700s)

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5
Q

How are species names organized?

A

Genus species

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6
Q

What is used to classify organisms based on genetic relatedness/ancestry?

A

Phylogenetic

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7
Q

Phylogenetics uses analysis of what?

A

rRNA genes

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8
Q

What are the three domains of life?

A

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

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9
Q

Bacteria linage that grows at high temps.

A

Aquifex/hydrogenobacter

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10
Q

Bacteria composed of thermophiles

A

Green nonsulphur bacteria

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11
Q

Radioresistant cocci

A

Resistant to high doses of radiation due to cell wall/outer membrane.

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12
Q

Spirochetes are bacteria that…

A

Has a flexible helix shape

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13
Q

Flavobacteria is a bacteria that?

A

Cannot grow in the presence of O2. (gingivitius)

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14
Q

Bacteria that cannot grow unless in cytoplasm of cell.

A

Chlamydiae

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15
Q

Gram +

A

Contains straphylococcous/Strep

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16
Q

Cyanobacteria is important for?

A

Ecosystems (release large amounts of O2 into air)

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17
Q

Bacteria grouping containing gram - species.

A

Proteobacteria

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18
Q

Extremophines are?

A

prokaryotes living in extreme conditions. (Heat, salt, acid)

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19
Q

Usually have cell walls but no peptiglycan and unique lipids.

A

Archaea

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20
Q

protozoa and fungi make up what?

A

Eukaryotic microbes

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21
Q

unicellular eukaryotes with no cell walls, in moist environments.

A

protoza

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22
Q

Feeding and reproducing stage of protozoan life cycle.

A

Trophozoite.

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23
Q

metabolically inactive stage of protozoan life cycle

A

Cyst

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24
Q

what stage of protozoan life cycle is when in ideal conditions?

A

Trophozoite

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25
Q

parasitic protozoans usually exist in the environment as?

A

Cysts

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26
Q

4 main types of protozoa.

A

Flagellates, amoebae, ciliates, apicomplexia.

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27
Q

protozoa that move by extending cytoplasm/changing shape.

A

Amoebae

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28
Q

Non-motile protozoa type

A

Apricomplexa

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29
Q

Fungi are?

A

Decomposers, they recycle nutrients into the environment.

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30
Q

What are mutualistic symbiotic relationships?

A

Plant and fungi both benefit from living together.

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31
Q

Fungi are more closely related to plants or animals? Why?

A

Animals, they synthesize chitin, store glycogen, hetermotropins (get organic material from other organisms)

32
Q

Saprophytes do what?

A

Source organic materials from dead organisms

33
Q

Synthesize organics from inorganic materials?

A

Autotrophs

34
Q

What are the two types of fungal structures?

A

Single celled, or filamentous

35
Q

Tube-like filaments that make up mycelium.

A

Hyphae

36
Q

Why do molds appear fuzzy?

A

mycelium is loosely organized.

37
Q

Fleshy fungi are smooth because?

A

Mycelium is tightly packed on reproductive surface that grows above ground.

38
Q

Phyla types in fungi kingdom

A

Chytridiomycota, zygomycota, basidiomycota, ascomyocta.

39
Q

fungi phyla with aquatic species.

A

Chytridiomycota

40
Q

fungi phyla that forms relationships w plants.

A

Zygomycota

41
Q

Mushrooms and puffballs fall into this phyla.

A

basidomycota

42
Q

Fungi phyla containing yeast

A

Ascomycota

43
Q

Mycoses are?

A

Fungal infections in animals.

44
Q

Viral replication can look different depending on?

A

Structural differences, genetic make up of virus

45
Q

1st step in viral replication is

A

Attachment, AKA the initial contact

46
Q

Viral specificity is?

A

The specific interaction between virion and host cell.

47
Q

Viral glycoproteins are located in?

A

Envelope and capsid

48
Q

penetration is?

A

The second step in viral replication, virus enters host cell.

49
Q

endocytosis is?

A

non-enveloped virus enters cell

50
Q

fusion is?

A

enveloped virus enters host cell

51
Q

3rd step in viral replication is…

A

uncoating, shedding of viral capsid, via protease action in cytoplasm

52
Q

without a capsid a virus is in the ____ phase, and is no longer a complete virion.

A

Eclipse

53
Q

Synthesis is? what happens during it?

A

4th step in viral replication, genetic material is replicated.

54
Q

Capsomeres are produced during which stage?

A

Synthesis

55
Q

Synthesis looks different for different virus classes. T/F

A

True

56
Q

5th step in replication

A

Assembly of complete virions after replication.

57
Q

Release is?

A

Final step in viral replication. Virion is released from cell

58
Q

host cell bursts and releases non-enveloped virus

A

Cell Lysis

59
Q

Budding is?

A

Virion is released by pushing out of the host cell plasma membrane, becoming encapsulated in membrane.

60
Q

Viral DNA makes?

A

RNA, template instructions to synthesize proteins

61
Q

RNA viruses are?

A

Viruses whose RNA is different then all other prokaryotes and eukaryotes

62
Q

Retroviruses synthesis uses

A

genetic material, but a unique process, RNA-> DNA w reverse transcriptase

63
Q

Smallest group in taxonomy grouping is?

A

Species

64
Q

Bacteria type using sulfur in its photosynthetic process

A

Green sulfur bacteria

65
Q

Strict anaerobe

A

Cannot grow in presence of O2

66
Q

Archea is different from bacteria how?

A

Different lipids make up their cell membranes and archea lipids are more stable.

67
Q

Toxoplasma infections can be treated with antibiotics. T/F?

A

False, because it is a eukaryotic infection

68
Q

Basidiocarp is the name for what?

A

Mushrooms

69
Q

Name for an individual viral particle.

A

Virion

70
Q

Protein coat surrounding Virion is?

A

Capsid

71
Q

Subunits that make up caspid.

A

Capsomeres

72
Q

Nucleocapsid is?

A

Name for nucleic acid and capsid together.

73
Q

capsid basic shapes?

A

Icosahedral, or helical

74
Q

Host Range is?

A

Spectrum of hosts virus is able to infect.

75
Q

Bacteriophages are?

A

Viruses infecting bacteria

Microbio (7 decks)

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