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Week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Taxonomy?

A

Category of living things based on hierarchy of relatedness.

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2
Q

T or F? Moving up in taxonomy things become more related.

A

False, moving down they become more related.

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3
Q

Taxonomy uses what for naming?

A

Binomial nomenclature.

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4
Q

Binomial nomenclature was introduced by?

A

Carolus Linnaeus (mid 1700s)

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5
Q

How are species names organized?

A

Genus species

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6
Q

What is used to classify organisms based on genetic relatedness/ancestry?

A

Phylogenetic

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7
Q

Phylogenetics uses analysis of what?

A

rRNA genes

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8
Q

What are the three domains of life?

A

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

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9
Q

Bacteria linage that grows at high temps.

A

Aquifex/hydrogenobacter

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10
Q

Bacteria composed of thermophiles

A

Green nonsulphur bacteria

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11
Q

Radioresistant cocci

A

Resistant to high doses of radiation due to cell wall/outer membrane.

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12
Q

Spirochetes are bacteria that…

A

Has a flexible helix shape

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13
Q

Flavobacteria is a bacteria that?

A

Cannot grow in the presence of O2. (gingivitius)

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14
Q

Bacteria that cannot grow unless in cytoplasm of cell.

A

Chlamydiae

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15
Q

Gram +

A

Contains straphylococcous/Strep

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16
Q

Cyanobacteria is important for?

A

Ecosystems (release large amounts of O2 into air)

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17
Q

Bacteria grouping containing gram - species.

A

Proteobacteria

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18
Q

Extremophines are?

A

prokaryotes living in extreme conditions. (Heat, salt, acid)

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19
Q

Usually have cell walls but no peptiglycan and unique lipids.

A

Archaea

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20
Q

protozoa and fungi make up what?

A

Eukaryotic microbes

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21
Q

unicellular eukaryotes with no cell walls, in moist environments.

A

protoza

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22
Q

Feeding and reproducing stage of protozoan life cycle.

A

Trophozoite.

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23
Q

metabolically inactive stage of protozoan life cycle

A

Cyst

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24
Q

what stage of protozoan life cycle is when in ideal conditions?

A

Trophozoite

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25
parasitic protozoans usually exist in the environment as?
Cysts
26
4 main types of protozoa.
Flagellates, amoebae, ciliates, apicomplexia.
27
protozoa that move by extending cytoplasm/changing shape.
Amoebae
28
Non-motile protozoa type
Apricomplexa
29
Fungi are?
Decomposers, they recycle nutrients into the environment.
30
What are mutualistic symbiotic relationships?
Plant and fungi both benefit from living together.
31
Fungi are more closely related to plants or animals? Why?
Animals, they synthesize chitin, store glycogen, hetermotropins (get organic material from other organisms)
32
Saprophytes do what?
Source organic materials from dead organisms
33
Synthesize organics from inorganic materials?
Autotrophs
34
What are the two types of fungal structures?
Single celled, or filamentous
35
Tube-like filaments that make up mycelium.
Hyphae
36
Why do molds appear fuzzy?
mycelium is loosely organized.
37
Fleshy fungi are smooth because?
Mycelium is tightly packed on reproductive surface that grows above ground.
38
Phyla types in fungi kingdom
Chytridiomycota, zygomycota, basidiomycota, ascomyocta.
39
fungi phyla with aquatic species.
Chytridiomycota
40
fungi phyla that forms relationships w plants.
Zygomycota
41
Mushrooms and puffballs fall into this phyla.
basidomycota
42
Fungi phyla containing yeast
Ascomycota
43
Mycoses are?
Fungal infections in animals.
44
Viral replication can look different depending on?
Structural differences, genetic make up of virus
45
1st step in viral replication is
Attachment, AKA the initial contact
46
Viral specificity is?
The specific interaction between virion and host cell.
47
Viral glycoproteins are located in?
Envelope and capsid
48
penetration is?
The second step in viral replication, virus enters host cell.
49
endocytosis is?
non-enveloped virus enters cell
50
fusion is?
enveloped virus enters host cell
51
3rd step in viral replication is...
uncoating, shedding of viral capsid, via protease action in cytoplasm
52
without a capsid a virus is in the ____ phase, and is no longer a complete virion.
Eclipse
53
Synthesis is? what happens during it?
4th step in viral replication, genetic material is replicated.
54
Capsomeres are produced during which stage?
Synthesis
55
Synthesis looks different for different virus classes. T/F
True
56
5th step in replication
Assembly of complete virions after replication.
57
Release is?
Final step in viral replication. Virion is released from cell
58
host cell bursts and releases non-enveloped virus
Cell Lysis
59
Budding is?
Virion is released by pushing out of the host cell plasma membrane, becoming encapsulated in membrane.
60
Viral DNA makes?
RNA, template instructions to synthesize proteins
61
RNA viruses are?
Viruses whose RNA is different then all other prokaryotes and eukaryotes
62
Retroviruses synthesis uses
genetic material, but a unique process, RNA-> DNA w reverse transcriptase
63
Smallest group in taxonomy grouping is?
Species
64
Bacteria type using sulfur in its photosynthetic process
Green sulfur bacteria
65
Strict anaerobe
Cannot grow in presence of O2
66
Archea is different from bacteria how?
Different lipids make up their cell membranes and archea lipids are more stable.
67
Toxoplasma infections can be treated with antibiotics. T/F?
False, because it is a eukaryotic infection
68
Basidiocarp is the name for what?
Mushrooms
69
Name for an individual viral particle.
Virion
70
Protein coat surrounding Virion is?
Capsid
71
Subunits that make up caspid.
Capsomeres
72
Nucleocapsid is?
Name for nucleic acid and capsid together.
73
capsid basic shapes?
Icosahedral, or helical
74
Host Range is?
Spectrum of hosts virus is able to infect.
75
Bacteriophages are?
Viruses infecting bacteria

Microbio (7 decks)

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