Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Microbiology?

A

The study of microorganisms called microbes

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2
Q

Genetic material is NOT contained within the nucleus

A

Prokaryotic

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3
Q

Eukaryotic have genetic material where?

A

Within nucleus.

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4
Q

True or False?

Eukaryotic cells contain organelles.

A

True

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5
Q

Prokaryotic microbes include…

A

Bacteria

Archae

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6
Q

Eukaryotic Cells include…

A

Protozoa
Fungi
Algae

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7
Q

Non-Living, acellular microorganisms include…

A

Viruses

Prions

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8
Q

What are prions?

A

Infectious proteins

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9
Q

Basic microbiology is?

A

Study of microorganisms to understand basic biological processes

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10
Q

Applied microbiology is?

A

Using basic microbiology to answer specific questions, ex. drug development

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11
Q

What is a culture?

A

The growth of one or more species of microorganisms in lab settings

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12
Q

What are mixed cultures?

A

More then one species of microorganism is within a culture.

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13
Q

What is media?

A

Plates used to grow cultures. Can be solid or liquid.

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14
Q

What are liquid plates made of?

A

Broth

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15
Q

Culture technique used that uses a zig-zag pattern in 4 quadrants of the slide.

A

Streak Plate Technique

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16
Q

Type of culture often used in experiments?

A

Pure cultures.

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17
Q

What is a bacteria lawn?

A

Grown in plates with bacteria placed on top to test antimicrobial properties of substances.

18
Q

How has microbes influenced history?

A

The rise and fall of civilizations can be related to diseases spread throughout areas.

19
Q

Disease spread via invertebrates between humans

A

Vector-borne disease (The bubonic plague)

20
Q

rapid replication of microbes, onset of symptoms, and transmission indicates what type of disease?

A

Acute

21
Q

Chronic diseases are characterized by?

A

Slow microbial replication, transmission, and onset of symptoms.

22
Q

Microscopes triggered what event?

A

The first discovery of bacteria and protozoa.

23
Q

Is spontaneous generation true?

A

False, microorganisms arise from sources already containing microbes not spontaneously.

24
Q

Pasteur invented what method still used today?

A

Pasteurization.

25
Q

What is pasteurization?

A

Temporary heating of liquids to remove contaminants.

26
Q

Ignaz Semmelweis determined what?

A

That microbes could carry and cause disease.

27
Q

Hygiene principles in medical care are from whom?

A

Ignaz Semmelweis (Austrian Physician)

28
Q

Aseptic technique was started by?

A

Joseph Lister. He used phenol to kill bacteria.

29
Q

Who discovered Pure culture technique?

A

Robert Koch.

30
Q

Robert Koch discovered and linked bacterias causing what illnesses?

A

Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis)

Tuberculosis (Myobacterium tuberculosis)

31
Q

What is the study of the immune system and its responses to foreign materials called?

A

Immunology

32
Q

Vaccinations began where? when?

A

Over 1000 years ago in China and India. Smallpox was used to intentionally inoculate individuals.

33
Q

True or False? Less virulent strains are often used in vaccines.

A

True.

34
Q

Which microorganisms cannot replicate outside of cells?

A

Viruses

35
Q

Mosquitos that transmit diseases to humans are?

A

Vectors

36
Q

Vector-borne diseases are…

A

transmitted by mosquitoes and other anthropods.

37
Q

What is a monoculture?

A

Area of land dominated by a single crop.

38
Q

“Clostridium acetobutylicum” is responsible for what?

A

Acetone production from eating sugars.

39
Q

Cross-Reactive means?

A

Antibodies bind to more then one microbe.

40
Q

Helminths are?

A

Large parasitic worms.