Week 2

Question 1

Make up 97% of organisms mass?

Answer 1

Hydrogen, Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen.

Question 2

True or False? Protons and Electrons are located within the nucleus?

Answer 2

False. Protons and Neutrons are within the nucleus.

Question 3

Atomic number is?

Answer 3

The number of protons in an atoms nucleus.

Question 4

Atomic mass is?

Answer 4

Sum of protons and neutrons.

Question 5

Chemical reactivity depends on?

Answer 5

The amount of electrons on the outer shell. The closer to a full outer ring the more stable.

Question 6

Electron affinities are?

Answer 6

how strongly an atom attracts electrons.

Question 7

Ions are?

Answer 7

Chemically charged but stable atoms.

Question 8

Ionic bonds are…

Answer 8

+ and - are attracted to each other, opposite charge holds atoms together.

Question 9

Covalent bonds are…

Answer 9

Two atoms sharing a electron to complete both their outer shells.

Question 10

What type of bond can be polar or non-polar?

Answer 10

Covalent

Question 11

True or False? Non-polar covalent bonds share atoms equally.

Answer 11

False. Polar bonds share atoms unequally.

Question 12

Polarity changes?

Answer 12

The ability of a molecule to interact with water.

Question 13

Polar means?

Answer 13

Interacts with water

Question 14

Biomolecules are…

Answer 14

Carbs, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic acids

Question 15

Responsible for energy storage and structural molecules

Answer 15

Carbohydrates

Question 16

Responsible for energy storage

Answer 16

Lipids

Question 17

Important players in biological processes

Answer 17

Proteins

Question 18

Direct the synthesis and assembly of proteins

Answer 18

Nucleic acids

Question 19

Monomers are

Answer 19

Subunits that make up biomolecules.

Question 20

Carbohydrates are made up of?

Answer 20

Monosaccharides (glucose, fructose) (single)
Disaccharide (Sucrose) (two)
Polysaccharide (Starch) (hundreds)

Question 21

True or False? Larger carbohydrate molecules are made for longer energy storage?

Answer 21

True.

Question 22

Sucrose –> glucose and fructose is a…reaction.

Answer 22

Hydrolysis reaction (requires H20)

Question 23

Glucose + Fructose = sucrose is a… reaction.

Answer 23

Condensation (produces H20)

Question 24

Hydrophobic biomolecule

Answer 24

Lipids

Question 25

Lipid structure consists of?

Answer 25

Glycerol and 3 fatty acid chains

Question 26

Lipase

Answer 26

Enzyme for fat digestion

Question 27

Subunits that make up proteins

Answer 27

Amino acids

Question 28

Amino acids consist of...

Answer 28

Amino group, carboxyl group, R group

Question 29

What does the R group in an AA do?

Answer 29

Gives the AA its unique properties.

Question 30

Peptide bonds are?

Answer 30

Formed between two AA's.

Question 31

True or False? The shape of a protein does not matter for the function.

Answer 31

False. The shape of the protein matters for its function.

Question 32

Denatured proteins are caused by?

Answer 32

pH levels or high temps.

Question 33

Enzymes are?

Answer 33

Protein molecules that speed up a chemical reaction.

Question 34

Nucleotides are?

Answer 34

The subunits that make up nucleic acid molecules.

Question 35

Nucleotides consist of...

Answer 35

5-Carbon sugar, Phosphate group, Nitrogenous base

Question 36

Nitrogenous bases include...

Answer 36

Pyrimidines and Purines

Question 37

Cytosine (C), Thymine (T), and uracil (U) are...

Answer 37

Prymidines

Question 38

Adenine (A), and Guanine (G) are...

Answer 38

Purines

Question 39

True or False? Purines are a single ring structure?

Answer 39

False. Pyrimidines are a single ring structure.

Question 40

RNA has what in place of Thymine?

Answer 40

Uracil.

Question 41

Acids consist of?

Answer 41

H+ ions

Question 42

Bases consist of?

Answer 42

Hydroxide ions OH-

Question 43

How do bacteria survive within stomach acid?

Answer 43

Creates small islands of bases (from urea breakdown) neutralizing surrounding acids.

Question 44

Molecules largely composed of carbon.

Answer 44

Organic molecules

Question 45

Sugars, starches, cellulose are part of what biomolecule?

Answer 45

Carbohydrates

Question 46

carbs are composed of...

Answer 46

Carbon, Hydrogen and oxygen

Question 47

Lipids are used for?

Answer 47

Energy storage and structure

Question 48

Fats, oils, and cholesterol

Answer 48

Lipids

Question 49

Saturated fats have...

Answer 49

a single covalent bond

Question 50

Fats with ... are often more solid.

Answer 50

Saturated fats or longer chains

Question 51

Contains protein that is highly toxic to nerves controlling muscle use

Answer 51

Botulism

Question 52

Bacteria producing botulism cannot grow in presence of what?

Answer 52

Oxygen

Question 53

member of DNA with single structure

Answer 53

pyrimidines