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Microbio > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Make up 97% of organisms mass?

A

Hydrogen, Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen.

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2
Q

True or False? Protons and Electrons are located within the nucleus?

A

False. Protons and Neutrons are within the nucleus.

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3
Q

Atomic number is?

A

The number of protons in an atoms nucleus.

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4
Q

Atomic mass is?

A

Sum of protons and neutrons.

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5
Q

Chemical reactivity depends on?

A

The amount of electrons on the outer shell. The closer to a full outer ring the more stable.

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6
Q

Electron affinities are?

A

how strongly an atom attracts electrons.

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7
Q

Ions are?

A

Chemically charged but stable atoms.

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8
Q

Ionic bonds are…

A

+ and - are attracted to each other, opposite charge holds atoms together.

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9
Q

Covalent bonds are…

A

Two atoms sharing a electron to complete both their outer shells.

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10
Q

What type of bond can be polar or non-polar?

A

Covalent

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11
Q

True or False? Non-polar covalent bonds share atoms equally.

A

False. Polar bonds share atoms unequally.

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12
Q

Polarity changes?

A

The ability of a molecule to interact with water.

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13
Q

Polar means?

A

Interacts with water

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14
Q

Biomolecules are…

A

Carbs, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic acids

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15
Q

Responsible for energy storage and structural molecules

A

Carbohydrates

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16
Q

Responsible for energy storage

A

Lipids

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17
Q

Important players in biological processes

A

Proteins

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18
Q

Direct the synthesis and assembly of proteins

A

Nucleic acids

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19
Q

Monomers are

A

Subunits that make up biomolecules.

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20
Q

Carbohydrates are made up of?

A

Monosaccharides (glucose, fructose) (single)
Disaccharide (Sucrose) (two)
Polysaccharide (Starch) (hundreds)

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21
Q

True or False? Larger carbohydrate molecules are made for longer energy storage?

A

True.

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22
Q

Sucrose –> glucose and fructose is a…reaction.

A

Hydrolysis reaction (requires H20)

23
Q

Glucose + Fructose = sucrose is a… reaction.

A

Condensation (produces H20)

24
Q

Hydrophobic biomolecule

A

Lipids

25
Q

Lipid structure consists of?

A

Glycerol and 3 fatty acid chains

26
Q

Lipase

A

Enzyme for fat digestion

27
Q

Subunits that make up proteins

A

Amino acids

28
Q

Amino acids consist of…

A

Amino group, carboxyl group, R group

29
Q

What does the R group in an AA do?

A

Gives the AA its unique properties.

30
Q

Peptide bonds are?

A

Formed between two AA’s.

31
Q

True or False? The shape of a protein does not matter for the function.

A

False. The shape of the protein matters for its function.

32
Q

Denatured proteins are caused by?

A

pH levels or high temps.

33
Q

Enzymes are?

A

Protein molecules that speed up a chemical reaction.

34
Q

Nucleotides are?

A

The subunits that make up nucleic acid molecules.

35
Q

Nucleotides consist of…

A

5-Carbon sugar, Phosphate group, Nitrogenous base

36
Q

Nitrogenous bases include…

A

Pyrimidines and Purines

37
Q

Cytosine (C), Thymine (T), and uracil (U) are…

A

Prymidines

38
Q

Adenine (A), and Guanine (G) are…

A

Purines

39
Q

True or False? Purines are a single ring structure?

A

False. Pyrimidines are a single ring structure.

40
Q

RNA has what in place of Thymine?

A

Uracil.

41
Q

Acids consist of?

A

H+ ions

42
Q

Bases consist of?

A

Hydroxide ions OH-

43
Q

How do bacteria survive within stomach acid?

A

Creates small islands of bases (from urea breakdown) neutralizing surrounding acids.

44
Q

Molecules largely composed of carbon.

A

Organic molecules

45
Q

Sugars, starches, cellulose are part of what biomolecule?

A

Carbohydrates

46
Q

carbs are composed of…

A

Carbon, Hydrogen and oxygen

47
Q

Lipids are used for?

A

Energy storage and structure

48
Q

Fats, oils, and cholesterol

A

Lipids

49
Q

Saturated fats have…

A

a single covalent bond

50
Q

Fats with … are often more solid.

A

Saturated fats or longer chains

51
Q

Contains protein that is highly toxic to nerves controlling muscle use

A

Botulism

52
Q

Bacteria producing botulism cannot grow in presence of what?

A

Oxygen

53
Q

member of DNA with single structure

A

pyrimidines

Microbio (7 decks)

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