Week 3

Question 1

True or False? Both Pro and Eukaryotes are composed of the same biomolecules, are membrane-bound, filled with cytoplasm, and have ribosomes.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Bacterial cells produce more rapidly then eukaryotic cells because?

Answer 2

They have a larger surface area to volume ratio. Thus more efficient metabolism.

Question 3

Gel-like polysaccharide layer around bacterial cells.

Answer 3

Glycocalyx

Question 4

Protein fibers arranged in hollow, helical formations are called?

Answer 4

Pili/Fimbriae

Question 5

Thin protein tubes, longer than pili

Answer 5

Flagella

Question 6

Structure outside cell wall that spins like a propeller enabling bacteria to travel.

Answer 6

Flagella

Question 7

True or False? Bacteria that can move are called motile?

Answer 7

True

Question 8

+ taxis

Answer 8

Move towards favourable stimulus.

Question 9

• taxis

Answer 9

Move away from negative stimulus.

Question 10

Types of taxis include…

Answer 10

Areotaxis, Chemotaxis, Thermotaxis

Question 11

Types of prokaryotic cell walls.

Answer 11

Gram +, Gram -, Acid-fast.

Question 12

Gram + is composed of?

Answer 12

Peptidoglycan (Protein/carb structure)

Question 13

Peptidoglycan is only found in?

Answer 13

Prokaryotes.

Question 14

Penicillin antibiotics inhibit…

Answer 14

Formation of pentaglycine bridges.

Question 15

Pentaglycine bridges are?

Answer 15

5 glycine chains linking together peptidoglycan.

Question 16

Gram - has an outer layer comprised of?

Answer 16

lipopolysaccharides

Question 17

Which bacteria has a thinner layer or peptidoglycan?

Answer 17

Gram -

Question 18

Porins are?

Answer 18

Special trans-membrane channel proteins that allow the passage of specific chemicals.

Question 19

True or False? LPS is responsible for fever and inflammation?

Answer 19

True.

Question 20

What happens if LPS is introduced rapidly?

Answer 20

Severe overreaction of the immune system.

Question 21

Which type of gram - drug is better?

Answer 21

Bacteriostatic prevents sudden release of LPS.

Question 22

4 Step process to determine bacteria type.

Answer 22

Gram Stain.

Question 23

Step 1 in Gram stain.

Answer 23

Basic stain. Crystal violet is applied, adheres to plasma membrane.

Question 24

Step 2 in Gram stain.

Answer 24

Iodine. Binds with CV forming crystals on cell membrane.

Question 25

Step 3 in Gram stain.

Answer 25

Alcohol and water are applied. Gram - cells are decolorized.

Question 26

Step 4 in Gram stain.

Answer 26

Basic Stain (safranin) is applied. Gram - cells turn pink.

Question 27

Common bacteria family that belongs to acid-fast.

Answer 27

Mycobacteria

Question 28

Bacteria type with think, waxy walls.

Answer 28

Acid-Fast.

Question 29

Plasma membranes are made up of?

Answer 29

Phospholipids and proteins.

Question 30

Phospholipids form?

Answer 30

Bilayer, that is hydrophobic within the center.

Question 31

Can pass through both layers of the plasma membrane.

Answer 31

Transmembrane proteins.

Question 32

Endospores are?

Answer 32

Formed by bacteria allowing for bacteria to persist in unfavourable environments.

Question 33

Endospores are created by...

Answer 33

Unequal cell division followed by the larger part of the cell swallowing the smaller. This gives it two layers. Then it is released into the environment.

Question 34

Cells are stained because of what?

Answer 34

Cell membranes are - charged and bond with dye that is + charged.

Question 35

Types of procaryotic shapes

Answer 35

Bacilli, Cocci, Spirilla, Vibrillo

Question 36

Streptococci

Answer 36

Cocci cells that form into a long chain.

Question 37

Grapelike clusters are called?

Answer 37

Staphylococci

Question 38

Glycocalyx

Answer 38

gel-like layer surrounding bacteria cells made of polysaccharides.

Question 39

What is the role of capsules surrounding bacteria cells?

Answer 39

Help with sticking to surfaces and protects against immune system.

Question 40

Virulence factor is?

Answer 40

The disease carrying factor of a microorganism.

Question 41

Slime layer?

Answer 41

Irregular layer of gylcolax

Question 42

What are short fibers that stick out of bacteria cells?

Answer 42

Pilli

Question 43

Conjugation is?

Answer 43

a donor grows a sex pili and connects with another cell called a recipient. Allowing DNA to be shared to recipient.

Question 44

Bacteria type with thick peptidoglycan walls?

Answer 44

gram +

Question 45

Cells without plasma membranes instead have...

Answer 45

Sterols

Question 46

Nucleoid area is?

Answer 46

Area in prokaryotic cells that contains chromosomes

Question 47

Proteins are synthesized where?

Answer 47

On the surface of ribosomes, AA are turned into proteins.

Question 48

what do lysosomes do?

Answer 48

Digest large molecules brought into the cell