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Microbio > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

True or False? Both Pro and Eukaryotes are composed of the same biomolecules, are membrane-bound, filled with cytoplasm, and have ribosomes.

A

True

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2
Q

Bacterial cells produce more rapidly then eukaryotic cells because?

A

They have a larger surface area to volume ratio. Thus more efficient metabolism.

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3
Q

Gel-like polysaccharide layer around bacterial cells.

A

Glycocalyx

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4
Q

Protein fibers arranged in hollow, helical formations are called?

A

Pili/Fimbriae

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5
Q

Thin protein tubes, longer than pili

A

Flagella

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6
Q

Structure outside cell wall that spins like a propeller enabling bacteria to travel.

A

Flagella

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7
Q

True or False? Bacteria that can move are called motile?

A

True

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8
Q

+ taxis

A

Move towards favourable stimulus.

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9
Q
  • taxis
A

Move away from negative stimulus.

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10
Q

Types of taxis include…

A

Areotaxis, Chemotaxis, Thermotaxis

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11
Q

Types of prokaryotic cell walls.

A

Gram +, Gram -, Acid-fast.

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12
Q

Gram + is composed of?

A

Peptidoglycan (Protein/carb structure)

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13
Q

Peptidoglycan is only found in?

A

Prokaryotes.

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14
Q

Penicillin antibiotics inhibit…

A

Formation of pentaglycine bridges.

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15
Q

Pentaglycine bridges are?

A

5 glycine chains linking together peptidoglycan.

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16
Q

Gram - has an outer layer comprised of?

A

lipopolysaccharides

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17
Q

Which bacteria has a thinner layer or peptidoglycan?

A

Gram -

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18
Q

Porins are?

A

Special trans-membrane channel proteins that allow the passage of specific chemicals.

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19
Q

True or False? LPS is responsible for fever and inflammation?

A

True.

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20
Q

What happens if LPS is introduced rapidly?

A

Severe overreaction of the immune system.

21
Q

Which type of gram - drug is better?

A

Bacteriostatic prevents sudden release of LPS.

22
Q

4 Step process to determine bacteria type.

A

Gram Stain.

23
Q

Step 1 in Gram stain.

A

Basic stain. Crystal violet is applied, adheres to plasma membrane.

24
Q

Step 2 in Gram stain.

A

Iodine. Binds with CV forming crystals on cell membrane.

25
Q

Step 3 in Gram stain.

A

Alcohol and water are applied. Gram - cells are decolorized.

26
Q

Step 4 in Gram stain.

A

Basic Stain (safranin) is applied. Gram - cells turn pink.

27
Q

Common bacteria family that belongs to acid-fast.

A

Mycobacteria

28
Q

Bacteria type with think, waxy walls.

A

Acid-Fast.

29
Q

Plasma membranes are made up of?

A

Phospholipids and proteins.

30
Q

Phospholipids form?

A

Bilayer, that is hydrophobic within the center.

31
Q

Can pass through both layers of the plasma membrane.

A

Transmembrane proteins.

32
Q

Endospores are?

A

Formed by bacteria allowing for bacteria to persist in unfavourable environments.

33
Q

Endospores are created by…

A

Unequal cell division followed by the larger part of the cell swallowing the smaller. This gives it two layers. Then it is released into the environment.

34
Q

Cells are stained because of what?

A

Cell membranes are - charged and bond with dye that is + charged.

35
Q

Types of procaryotic shapes

A

Bacilli, Cocci, Spirilla, Vibrillo

36
Q

Streptococci

A

Cocci cells that form into a long chain.

37
Q

Grapelike clusters are called?

A

Staphylococci

38
Q

Glycocalyx

A

gel-like layer surrounding bacteria cells made of polysaccharides.

39
Q

What is the role of capsules surrounding bacteria cells?

A

Help with sticking to surfaces and protects against immune system.

40
Q

Virulence factor is?

A

The disease carrying factor of a microorganism.

41
Q

Slime layer?

A

Irregular layer of gylcolax

42
Q

What are short fibers that stick out of bacteria cells?

A

Pilli

43
Q

Conjugation is?

A

a donor grows a sex pili and connects with another cell called a recipient. Allowing DNA to be shared to recipient.

44
Q

Bacteria type with thick peptidoglycan walls?

A

gram +

45
Q

Cells without plasma membranes instead have…

A

Sterols

46
Q

Nucleoid area is?

A

Area in prokaryotic cells that contains chromosomes

47
Q

Proteins are synthesized where?

A

On the surface of ribosomes, AA are turned into proteins.

48
Q

what do lysosomes do?

A

Digest large molecules brought into the cell

Microbio (7 decks)

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