week 4

Question 1

meiosis 1

Answer 1

first division of meiosis when homologous chromosomes are separated into two different cells; halves the number of chromosomes (diploid—-> haploid)

Question 2

gamete

Answer 2

a haploid reproductive cell which combines with another gamete during the sexual reproduction; eggs and sperm are gametes

Question 3

spore

Answer 3

in plants a haploid reproductive cell by meiosis

Question 4

ploidy

Answer 4

refers to the number of “sets” of chromosomes found in a cell

Question 5

diploid

Answer 5

have two identical sets of chromosomes in their cells

Question 6

haploid

Answer 6

only one of each type of chromosome in the nucleus

Question 7

homologous

Answer 7

same size, shape, and carrying the same genes

Question 8

locus

Answer 8

locations on genes

Question 9

gene

Answer 9

unit of heredity information that contributes to the inherited characteristics or traits of an organism; composed of a specific organized sequence of DNA

Question 10

allele

Answer 10

gene exsisting in different forms

Question 11

dominant

Question 12

recessive

Question 13

genotype

Answer 13

the genetic makeup of an organism

Question 14

cross-over

Answer 14

exchange of segments of the non sister chromatids of homologous chromosomeswhne they are tetrads during prophase I

Question 15

tetrad

Answer 15

paired set of homologous chromosomes each made up of two sister chromatids closely associated at the centromeres formed during prophase I

Question 16

sporangium

Answer 16

in plants a diploid structure in which haploid spores are produced by meiosis

Question 17

alternation of generations

Answer 17

a life cycle with the distinct multicellular haploid and diploid stages found in some plants

Question 18

gametophyte

Answer 18

haploid multicellular generation in the life cycle of a plant that produces gametes (egg and sperm) by mitosis

Question 19

sporophyte

Answer 19

multicellular diploid generation in the life cycle of plant produces haploid spores by meiosis

Question 20

rhizome

Answer 20

horizontal stem that grows below ground

Question 21

sorus

Answer 21

in most ferns, a cluster, of a sporangia which develops on the undersides of mature leaves

Question 22

sporangial stalk

Question 23

rhizoid

Answer 23

in some plants a hair like structure involved in water absorption and in anchoring the plant

Question 24

prothallus

Answer 24

fern gametophyte is typically a tiny heart shaped plant

Question 25

antheridium

Answer 25

male reproductive organ on fern gametophyte in which the flagellated sperm cells are formed

Question 26

archegonium

Answer 26

female reproductive organ on the fern gametophyte in which egg cell is formed

Question 27

zygote

Answer 27

diploid cell formed when two gamtes fuse

Question 28

chiasma

Answer 28

the region in which crossing over occurs

Question 29

ovary

Question 30

testis

Question 31

egg

Question 32

sperm

Question 33

fertilization

Question 34

embryo

Question 35

meiosis 2

Answer 35

second division of meiosis when replicated chromosomes are separated into single chromosomes