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Biology > week 3 > Flashcards

week 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

osmosis

A

movement of a solvent (usually water) through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration

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2
Q

solution

A

a liquid (solvent) and its dissolved solutes

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3
Q

solute

A

a substance that is dissolved in a liquid (solvent)

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4
Q

solvent

A

a liquid that has dissolved or can dissolve one or more solutes

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5
Q

diffusion

A

random movement of molecules of a substance from an area of high concentration of the substajnce to an area of low concentration of a substance. Process by which gases are exchanged

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6
Q

selectively permeable

A

allows pasage of molecules and inhibits others

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7
Q

isotonic

A

solute concentrations are the same inside and outside of the cell; therefore there is an equal movement of water into and out of the cell

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8
Q

hypertonic

A

hyper= above. higher solute concentration than their environment

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9
Q

hypotonic

A

hypo= below. the concentration of solutes is higher within the cell,

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10
Q

concentration

A
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11
Q

turgor pressure

A
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12
Q

plasmolysis

A

Plasma membrane pulls away from cell wall

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13
Q

binary fission

A

the way prokaryotes divide

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14
Q

chromosomes

A
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15
Q

DNA

A
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16
Q

chromatin

A

combination of DNA and associated proteins

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17
Q

genes

A
18
Q

replicated chromosomes

A
19
Q

sister chromatids

A

two identical halves of a replicated chromosomes

20
Q

centromere

A
21
Q

mitosis

A

division of the nucleus, resulting in the formation of two genetically identical daughter nuclei

22
Q

cytokinesis

A

division of the cytoplasm between two resulting daughter cells

23
Q

cell cycle

A
24
Q

interphase

A

longest phase of cell cycle, where cell gros and synthesizes new organelles and proteins

25
Q

G1,G2,S

A

S stage each chromosome produces an exact copy of itself forming a replicated chromosome

26
Q

prophase

A
  • replicating chromosomes condense and become visible under the microscope
  • spindle microtubules begin to form abd migrate to opposite ends of the cell
27
Q

pro metaphase

A
  • nuclear envelope breaks down

- spindle microtubules grow and attach to the centromere regions of the replicated chromosomes

28
Q

metaphase

A
  • spindle apparatus is completely formed

- replicated chromosomes are lined along the midregion of the cell also called the metaphase plate

29
Q

anaphase

A
  • centromeres of each replicated chromosome separate

- single chromosomes are pulled by their centromeres to opposite poles

30
Q

telophase

A
  • single chromosomes arrive at poles and begin to uncoil
  • nuclear envelope begins to form around each group of chromosomes
  • cytokinesis begins
31
Q

cleavage furrow

A

forms during cytokinesis and it is a furrow forming between two nuclei and pinches the cell into two daughter cells

32
Q

cell plate

A

cytokinesis begins and cell plate fromed between two nuclei and grows outward until it forms a complete cell wall that seperates the tw daughter cells

33
Q

spindle microtubules

A
34
Q

blastodisc

A

multicellular embryonic stage

35
Q

unicellular

A

divides by mitosis but instead of separating the daughter cells stay together (one cell for all functioning)

36
Q

colony

A

composed of individual cells or organisms that adhere to each other and may communicate with each other

37
Q

multicellular

A

are single organisms that have specialized cells that perform different functions

38
Q

gelatinous matrix

A

holds individual cells together as a colony

39
Q

pyrenoid

A

is contained within the chloroplast and is responsible for the synthesis of starch from the sugars produced by photosynthesis

40
Q

eyespot

A

orients alga towards light

41
Q

cytoplasmic bridge

A

the way adjacent cells communicate with each other

42
Q

daughter organism

A

Biology (7 decks)

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