Week 3 - Social Perception Flashcards
social perception
how people form impressions of and make inferences about other people
naïve psychology
Heider’s theory that people practice a form of untrained psychology as they use cause and effect analyses to understand their world and other peoples behaviour
external attribution
seeing the behaviour as caused by something external to the person who performs the behaviour
internal attribution
refers to whether the persons behaviour is caused by personal factors, such as traits, ability, effort, or personality
correspondent inference theory
the theory that people infer whether a persons behaviour is caused by the persons internal disposition by looking at various factors related to the persons action
covariation theory
the theory that people determine the causes of a persons behaviour by focusing on the factors that are preset when a behaviour occurs and absent when it doesn’t occur, with specific attention on the role of consensus, distinctiveness, and consistency
consistency
info about whether a persons behaviour towards given stimulus is the same across time
consensus
the first component of covariation theory and it refers to whether people generally agree or disagree with a given person
distinctiveness
refers to whether the person generally reacts in a similar way across different situations
ethnocentrism
a tendency to attribute desirable characteristics to ones own group and undesirable characteristics to out groups
intergroup attribution
making attributions about ones own and others behaviours based on group membership
fundamental attribution error (or correspondence bias)
the tendency to overestimate the role of personal causes and underestimate the role of situational causes in explaining behaviour
belief in a just world
the phenomenon in which people believe that bad things happen to bad people and that good things happen to good people
two-stage model of attribution
a model in which people first automatically interpret a persons behaviour as caused by dispositional factors, and then later adjust this interpretation by taking into account situational factors that may have contributed to the behaviour
cultural display rules
rules in a culture that govern how universal emotions should be expressed
