Week 2 - The Self: Self-Perception and Self-Presentation Flashcards
Self-concept
an individuals overall beliefs about his or her own attributes
Self-Esteem
an individuals evaluation of his or her own worth
Self-Awareness
state of being aware of oneself as an object of ones thoughts
affective forecasting
the process of predicting the impact of both positive and negative events on mood
self-discrepancy theory
the theory that our self-concept is influenced by the gap between how we actually see ourselves and how we want to see ourselves
self-awareness theory
when people focus on their own behaviour, they are motivated to either change their behaviour (so their attitudes and behaviours are in line) or escape from self-awareness (to avoid noticing this contradiction)
self-perception theory
we look to our own behaviour to determine our attitudes and beliefs
overjustification
the phenomenon in which receiving external rewards for a given behaviour can undermine the intrinsic motivation for engaging in this behaviour
social comaprison theory
the theory that people evaluate their own abilities and attributes by comparing themselves to other people
false consensus effect
the tendency to overestimate the extent to which other people share our opinions, attitudes, and behaviours
false uniqueness efect
the tendency to underestimate the extent to which other people are likely to share our positive attitudes and behaviour
unrealistic optimism
a phenomenon in which people see themselves as more likely than other people to experience good events and less likely than other people to experience bad events
perceived control
the tendency to see uncontrollable events as at least partially under our control
basking in reflected glor (BIRGing)
associating with successful others to increase ones feelings of self-worth
downward social comparison
comparing ourselves to people who are worse than we are on a given trait or ability in an attempt to feel better about ourselves
upward social comparison
comparing ourselves to people who are better than we are
self-handicapping
a strategy in which people created obstacles to success so that potential failure can be blamed on these external factors
impression management
strategies that people use to create positive impressions of themselves
self-promotion
a strategy that focuses on making other people think you are competent or good in some way
ingratiation
a strategy in which people try to make themselves likeable to someone else, often trough flattery and praise
self-verification theory
the expectation that other peoples perception of oneself is consistent with ones own perception of oneself
self-monitoring
the extent to which one adjusts ones self-presentation in different situations
spotlight effect
the tendency to overestimate the extent to which ones own appearance and behaviour are obvious to others
independent self-construal
a conception of the self as autonomous and independent from others, and behaving primarily to express its own internal attributes
interdependent self-construal
a conception of the self as connected to others, with its behaviour contingent on the values, thoughts, and preferences of others
self-serving attribution
the tendency to view oneself in a positive light
ecological fallacy
the error of assuming that relationships between variables at the group leveller the same as relationships at the individual level
