Week 11 - Altruism and Prosocial Behaviour

Question 1

prosocial behaviour

Answer 1

any behaviour that has the goal of helping another person

Question 2

alturism

Answer 2

helping without expectation of person gain

Question 3

kinship selection

Answer 3

the idea that we’re more likely to help those we are genetically related to

Question 4

empathy

Answer 4

the ability to understand other people perspectives and respond emotionally to other peoples experiences

Question 5

moral reasoning

Answer 5

a personality factor that describes the extent to which a persons willingness to help depends on larger moral standards rather than the persons needs and the expected consequences for him or her of helping

Question 6

decision-making process model

Answer 6

a model that describes helping behaviour as a function of 5 distinct steps

Question 7

diffusion of responsibility

Answer 7

the belief that other people present in a situation will assume responsibility, which contributes to the bystander effect

Question 8

bystander effect

Answer 8

the situation whereby people are less likely to hep in emergency situations when there are other people present than if the person who could help is alone, resulting in a decreased likelihood go help being given

Question 9

arousal/cost-rewarded model

Answer 9

a model that describes helping behaviour as caused in part by the physiological arousal that people experience when they see someone in need of help and in part by their calculation of the costs and rewards of providing such help

Question 10

good mood effect

Answer 10

when people re in a good mood, they are more likely to help

Question 11

urban overload hypothesis

Answer 11

the hypothesis that people who live in urban areas are constantly exposed to stimulation, which in turn leads them to decrease their awareness of their environment

Question 12

empathy-altruism hypothesis

Answer 12

the idea that when we feel empathy for a person, we will help that person even if we incur a cost in doing so

Question 13

negative-state relief hypothesis

Answer 13

a hypothesis that people are motivated to help others in order to relive their own negative feelings

Question 14

norm of reciprocity

Answer 14

the idea that we should help those who are in need of assistance, because they will then help us in the future

Question 15

norm of social responsibility

Answer 15

the idea that we have an obligation to help those who are in need of assistance

Question 16

exchange relationship

Answer 16

a relationship in which people desire and expect strict reciprocity

Question 17

self-evaluation maintenance model

Answer 17

the theory that our self-concept can be threatened if someone performs better than us on a task that is relevant to our sense of esteem