Week 3: Skin + Musculoskeletal Disorders Flashcards
What is the most common bacterial pathogen causing skin infections?
Staphylococcus aureus
What is folliculitis?
An infection of the hair shaft, with inflammation remaining within the hair follicle wall. Acne is a form of folliculitis.
What is a furuncle?
An area of folliculitis involving several follicles, often called a boil. They become red, hot, swollen and form a pustule.
What is a carbuncle?
A collection of furuncles that extends down to the subcutaneous tissue, involving many infected hair follicles and forming large skin abscesses. They are commonly found on the neck, shoulders, back, hips and thighs, especially in individuals with diabetes or those who are immunocompromised.
What is cellulitis?
Inflammation of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue, usually caused by a bacterial infection such as Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. It often starts with skin trauma.
What is necrotizing fasciitis?
A severe infection, also known as the ‘flesh-eating disease,’ that can result in significant tissue loss. Streptococcus pyogenes is a common pathogen. The infection spreads to the fascia of subcutaneous tissue, and bacterial exotoxins contribute to tissue destruction.
What causes warts?
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV).
What causes cold sores and genital herpes?
Herpes simplex virus (HSV). HSV-1 causes cold sores, while HSV-2 causes genital herpes.
What causes chickenpox and shingles?
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Shingles, also called herpes zoster, can occur many years after the initial chickenpox infection.
What is a common fungal organism found on the skin?
Candida albicans, a yeast present on the skin and mucous membranes.
What are dermatophytes?
Molds that cause tinea infections (ringworm), which are cutaneous infections affecting the dermis.
What is a common cause of basal cell carcinoma (BCC)?
Sun exposure.
What is a major cause of melanoma?
Unprotected and prolonged or frequent ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure.
What is carpal tunnel syndrome?
Compression of the median nerve at the wrist within the carpal tunnel, leading to sensory and motor changes in the hand.
What is the hallmark of gout?
Hyperuricemia resulting from either under-excretion or overproduction of uric acid.
Which of the following variables is most closely associated with the development of gout?
Endogenous metabolism of purines.
Excess purine breakdown leads to high uric acid levels, causing crystal formation in joints
What are tophi?
Clusters of urate crystals that can develop in cartilage, synovial membranes, tendons and soft tissues, causing deformity and destruction of tissues.
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
A chronic, systemic, inflammatory disease that typically attacks peripheral joints. It’s marked by spontaneous remissions and unpredictable exacerbations.
True or False
Early signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis do not include a joint range of motion loss.
False
An elderly woman complains of progressively worsening pain in one knee that is more severe in the morning when she rises. Which of the following disorders is this pain most likely caused by?
Osteoarthritis
What is a key factor in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis?
The presence of rheumatoid factor (RF), which are antibodies against altered IgG, causing inflammation.
What is osteoarthritis?
The most common form of arthritis, involving deterioration of joint cartilage and formation of reactive new bone.
What are Heberden’s nodes?
Irreversible changes in the distal finger joints seen in osteoarthritis.
What are Bouchard’s nodes?
Irreversible changes in the proximal finger joints seen in osteoarthritis.
