Week 10: Endocrine Disorders Flashcards
What do trophic hormones do?
Trophic hormones stimulate the growth, development, and secretion of other endocrine glands.
What are effector hormones?
Effector hormones act directly on target tissues to bring about physiological changes.
What is endocrine dysfunction?
Endocrine dysfunction may result from defects within the gland, issues in hormone release, hormone transport, or at the target tissue.
What are trophic hormones?
Trophic hormones stimulate the growth, development, and secretion of other endocrine glands.
What are effector hormones?
Effector hormones act directly on target tissues to bring about physiological changes.
What causes endocrine disorders?
Endocrine disorders may be caused by hypersecretion or hyposecretion of hormones, hyporesponsiveness of hormone receptors, inflammation of glands, and gland tumors.
What is hormone hyposecretion?
Hormone hyposecretion is characterized by a hormone-deficient state, often due to injury or destruction of glandular cells.
What are some endocrine disorders associated with hyposecretion?
Endocrine disorders associated with hyposecretion include Hashimoto’s, Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Pituitary Dwarfism, Diabetes Insipidus, and Addison’s Disease.
What is hormone hypersecretion?
Hormone hypersecretion is characterized by excessive hormone production and is associated with gland hypertrophy and hyperplasia.
What can cause hormone hypersecretion?
Causes of hormone hypersecretion include overstimulation by pituitary factors, impairment of negative feedback, certain medicines, and ectopic hormone secretion.
What are extraglandular disturbances?
Extraglandular disturbances influence blood levels of hormones, leading to hyper- or hypoactivity.
How can altered target tissue responsiveness affect hormone action?
Altered target tissue responsiveness can increase or decrease sensitivity to normal hormone levels, often due to changes in hormone receptor number or sensitivity.
What is Addison’s Disease?
Addison’s Disease is an uncommon disorder characterized by decreased secretion of mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and androgens, occurring in primary and secondary forms.
What is Cushing’s Syndrome?
Cushing’s Syndrome is a cluster of physical abnormalities caused by excess glucocorticoids and may arise from various forms including primary, secondary, and tertiary.
What is Diabetes Insipidus?
Diabetes Insipidus is a disorder of water metabolism caused by a deficiency of ADH, leading to excessive thirst and large quantities of dilute urine.
What are the primary forms of Diabetes Mellitus?
Diabetes Mellitus occurs primarily in two forms: Type 1 and Type 2.
What characterizes Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by extensive damage to pancreatic beta islet cells due to autoimmune attacks.
What characterizes Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus involves insulin resistance and dysfunctional insulin release, often linked to lifestyle factors.
What is gestational diabetes?
Gestational diabetes occurs when a woman without diabetes develops high blood sugar levels during pregnancy due to insufficient insulin.
What is a goiter?
A goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland not caused by inflammation or neoplasm, classified as endemic or sporadic.
What is hyperthyroidism?
Hyperthyroidism is a metabolic imbalance caused by overproduction of thyroid hormone, with Graves’ disease being the most common cause.
What is hypothyroidism?
Hypothyroidism is characterized by a decreased metabolic rate and can result from various causes including autoimmune processes and dietary deficiencies.
