Week 3- Sensory (Audio/Vision) + G.I. Review Q's Flashcards
Auditory Disorders - __________ Ear
– Trauma
– Inflammation and infection
– Cerumen and foreign bodies in ear canal
– Skin cancer
External
Auditory Disorders - ________ Ear Problems
-Meniere’s Disease
-Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
-Conductive or Sensorineural hearing loss
-Acoustic Neuroma
Inner
Auditory Disorders - ____________ ear
- Acute/Chronic otitis media
- Otosclerosis (genetic)
Middle Ear / Mastoid
Otitis Media (often in children) - inflammation of ________________
– Antibiotics
– Tympanoplasty (myringotomy tubes)
middle ear
Otosclerosis - abnormal bone growth within the middle ear that causes progressive hearing loss.
Tx: ___________________
Stapedectomy [surgery to remove stapes]
Tinnitus
– Caused by many __________
– Consider other medications that don’t cause tinnitus
– _________________ to drown out the ringing may be considered
– Caused by many medications
– Consider other medications that don’t cause tinnitus
– Hearing aid to drown out the ringing may be considered
Meniere’s disease - inner ear problem that can cause __________________________
– Minimize vertigo
– Darkened quiet room
– Avoid sudden movements
– Avoid fluorescent or flickering lights
– ____________ may exacerbate symptoms
Meniere’s disease - inner ear problem that can cause dizzy spells [Vertigo] and hearing loss.
– Minimize vertigo
– Darkened quiet room
– Avoid sudden movements
– Avoid fluorescent or flickering lights
– Television may exacerbate symptoms
Acoustic Neuroma (tumor affecting ________)
– Surgical resection
CN VIII [8]
Vestibulocochlear
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)
– Common cause, approximately ____% of vertigo cases
– Due to free floating debris in ______________
– s/s: nystagmus, vertigo, lightheadedness, loss of balance, nausea
– No __________ loss involved
– Canalith (Epley maneuver) repositioning
– Common cause, approximately 50% of vertigo cases
– Due to free floating debris in semicircular canal
– s/s: nystagmus, vertigo, lightheadedness, loss of balance, nausea
– No hearing loss involved
– Canalith (Epley maneuver) repositioning
____________ Hearing Loss
Conditions in the outer or middle ear impair transmission of sound through air to inner ear
Causes:
– Otitis media with effusion
– Cerumen
– Perforation of tympanic membrane
– Otosclerosis
– Narrowing of external ear canal
Conductive
Conductive Hearing Loss
-Patient speaks _________ because spoken voice seems loud
-Person hears better in _______ settings
Tx:
– Treat cause
– Hearing aid
-Patient speaks softly because spoken voice seems loud
-Person hears better in noisy settings
Sensorineural Hearing Loss
-Impairment of function of the _________ ear or _________________
Causes:
– Congenital/hereditary factors
– Noise trauma
– Aging
– Meniere’s disease
– Ototoxicity (loop diuretics, ASA, NSAIDs, antibiotics, chemotherapy)
– Systemic infections (DM, bacterial meningitis, immune diseases)
-Impairment of function of the inner ear or CN VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve)
Causes:
– Congenital/hereditary factors
– Noise trauma
– Aging
– Meniere’s disease
– Ototoxicity (loop diuretics, ASA, NSAIDs, antibiotics, chemotherapy)
– Systemic infections (DM, bacterial meningitis, immune diseases)
Sensorineural Hearing Loss
-Hears sound but doesn’t understand speech
-Hearing _____________ sounds diminishes (includes consonants)
-Sounds become __________, difficult to understand
-Loss in decibel levels
Tx: hearing aid (only makes sound louder not clear)
-Hears sound but doesn’t understand speech
-Hearing high-pitched sounds diminishes (includes consonants)
-Sounds become muffled, difficult to understand
-Loss in decibel levels
Tx: hearing aid (only makes sound louder not clear)
[Audio issues] Nursing Management
Think safety!
-Consider symptoms
-Use hearing aids
-Speak slowly and avoid highpitched speech
-Write notes
-Minimize extraneous noise
-Avoid ototoxic medications
Think safety!
-Consider symptoms
-Use hearing aids
-Speak slowly and avoid highpitched speech
-Write notes
-Minimize extraneous noise
-Avoid ototoxic medications
Post-operative Care: s/p ear surgery
-Careful with sudden _________ changes
-Medicate for ____
-Instruct patient to avoid blowing nose
-If cannot control sneezing or coughing, do it with mouth open
-Avoid valsalva maneuver
-Avoid bending and lifting
-Careful with sudden position changes
-Medicate for N/V
-Instruct patient to avoid blowing nose
-If cannot control sneezing or coughing, do it with mouth open
-Avoid valsalva maneuver
-Avoid bending and lifting
[Audio issues] Health Promotion
-Environmental _______ control
-Current immunizations
––> __________ in early trimester can cause deafness
Instruct re: ototoxic medications
– Anti-malaria
– Diuretics
– Antibiotics
– Salicylates (Aspirin)
– NSAIDs
– Chemotherapeutic agents
-Environmental noise control
-Current immunizations
–– Rubella in early trimester can cause deafness
Instruct re: ototoxic medications
– Anti-malaria
– Diuretics
– Antibiotics
– Salicylates (Aspirin)
– NSAIDs
– Chemotherapeutic agents
What medication commonly causes tinnitus [ringing in ears]?
Furosemide/Lasix [diuretic]
__________ - (nearsightedness)
Myopia
Myopia is
nearsightedness
__________ - (farsightedness)
Hyperopia
Hyperopia is
farsightedness
___________ – Loss of accommodation
Presbyopia
Astigmatism
– Irregular ________________
– Light rays bent unequally
– Irregular corneal curvature
– Light rays bent unequally
Visual Corrective Options
Surgical VS non-surgical
Surgical
-Laser surgery (LASIK)
-Intraocular lens implant
Non-surgical
-Glasses, contact lenses