EAQ #4 Flashcards by Sasha K.

When a client injures the amphiarthrodial joint, which joint did the client injure?

Knee joint

Pelvic joint

Elbow joint

Cranial joint

Pelvic joint

Amphiarthrodial joints are those that permit slight movements. The pelvic joint is an example of amphiarthrodial joint. Knee and elbow joints are the examples of diarthrodial joints, which are freely movable. A cranial joint is an example of a synarthrodial joint, which is immovable.

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Amphiarthrodial joints are those that permit slight _____________.

movements

ex) Pelvic

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When teaching a client about their disease process, which term would the nurse use to describe bone loss greater than normal but less than that caused by osteoporosis?

Osteopenia

Osteomyelitis

Osteomalacia

Osteoarthritis

Osteopenia

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When developing the plan of care for a client with rheumatoid arthritis, which client consideration would the nurse include?

Surgery

Comfort

Education

Motivation

Comfort

Because pain is an all-encompassing and often demoralizing experience, the nurse would want to keep the client as pain-free as possible. Surgery corrects deformities and facilitates movement, which is not an immediate need. Concentration and motivation are difficult when a client is in severe pain.

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Which condition is characterized by infection of a client’s bone or bone marrow?

Osteomalacia

Osteomyelitis

Herniated disc

Spinal stenosis

Osteomyelitis

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Osteomyelitis is _________ of bone or bone marrow.

infection

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Osteomalacia is a condition characterized by ____________ of bones due to calcium or vitamin D deficiency.

softening

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Spinal stenosis is ___________ of the spinal canal.

narrowing

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Which synovial joint movement is described as turning the sole away from the midline of the body?

Pronation

Eversion

Adduction

Supination

Eversion

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Which joint is an example of a condyloid?

Wrist

Elbow

Shoulder

Sacroiliac

Wrist

The wrist joint is an example of a condyloid joint. It is a joint between the radial and carpals. The elbow joint is an example of a hinge joint. The shoulder joint is an example of a ball and socket joint. The sacroiliac joint is an example of a gliding joint.

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Which structure protects a client’s internal organs, supports blood cell production, and stores minerals?

Joints

Bones

Muscles

Cartilages

Bones

Bones are the framework of the body; they support and protect internal organs. They also help in stem cell production from bone marrow, and they store minerals. Joints (articulations) help articulate the bones. Muscles are the bundles of fibrous tissue that contract to produce movement and maintain body posture. Cartilage is a hyaline, elastic, and fibrous tissue that often functions as a shock absorber.

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Which joint helps in the gliding movement of the wrist?

Pivot joint

Hinge joint

Biaxial joint

Ball and socket joint

Biaxial joint

The biaxial joint helps in the gliding movement of the wrist. Pivot joints permit rotation in the radioulnar area. Hinge joints allow for flexion and extension. Ball and socket joints permit movement in the shoulders and hips.

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Which hormone aids in regulating intestinal calcium and phosphorous absorption?

Insulin

Thyroxine

Glucocorticoids

Parathyroid hormone

Glucocorticoids

Adrenal glucocorticoids aid in regulating intestinal calcium and phosphorous absorption by increasing or decreasing protein metabolism. Insulin acts together with growth hormone to build and maintain healthy bone tissue. Thyroxine increases the rate of protein synthesis in all types of tissues. Parathyroid hormone secretion increases in response to decreased serum calcium concentration and stimulates the bones to promote osteoclastic activity.

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Which type of joint permits movement in any direction?

Pivot

Hinge

Biaxial

Ball-and-socket

Ball-and-socket joints permit movement in any direction. Pivot joints permit rotation. Hinge joints allow motion in one plane. Biaxial joints permit gliding movement.

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Ball-and-socket joints permit movement in _______ direction.

Pivot joints permit rotation. Hinge joints allow motion in one plane. Biaxial joints permit gliding movement.

any

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While providing care for a client with a second-degree left ankle sprain, the nurse raises the injured part above heart level. Which statement describes the rationale behind this nursing action?

To promote bone density

To prevent further edema

To reduce pain perception

To increase muscle strength

To prevent further edema

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Which nursing intervention prevents footdrop in a client with osteomyelitis?

Elevating the foot with the use of pillows

Consistently flexing the affected extremity

Encouraging the client to change positions

Neutral positioning of the foot with the use of a splint

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A student athlete reports muscle pain after a practice session. Which product of muscle metabolism would the nurse explain as being a cause of pain?

Lactic acid

Acetoacetic acid

Hydrochloric acid

Beta-hydroxybutyric acid

Lactic acid

The ache in muscles that have been vigorously worked without adequate oxygen supply is caused in part by the buildup of lactic acid. During rest, the lactic acid is oxidized completely to carbon dioxide and water, providing adenosine triphosphate for further muscular contraction. Beta-hydroxybutyric acid and acetoacetic acid are not products of muscle contraction; they are ketone bodies resulting from incomplete oxidation of fatty acids. Hydrochloric acid is not a product of muscle contraction; it is present in the stomach to facilitate the digestive process.

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Which diagnostic study is used to detect deep vein thrombosis in the client’s lower extremities?

Thermography

Plethysmography

Duplex venous Doppler

Somatosensory evoked potential

Duplex venous Doppler

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Which treatment is beneficial for a client with muscle spasm?

Thermotherapy

Muscle massage

Frequent position changes

Muscle-strengthening exercise regimen

Thermotherapy

Thermotherapy, the use of heat therapy, eases pain and muscle contraction; therefore, it is useful in treating muscle spasms. Muscle massage stimulates muscle tissue contraction and may worsen a muscle spasm. Frequent position changes are beneficial for a client with contracture. A muscle-strengthening exercise regimen is beneficial for a client with muscle atrophy.

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Several minutes after the start of a red blood cell infusion, the client reports itching. The nurse observes hives on the client’s chest. Which action would the nurse take?

Administer an antihistamine.

Flush the red blood cells with 5% dextrose.

Slow the rate of infusion.

Stop the transfusion.

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The nurse is preparing to initiate antibiotic therapy for a client who developed an incisional infection. Which task would the nurse ensure has been completed before starting the first dose of intravenous antibiotics?

Red blood cell count

Wound culture

Knee x-ray

Urinalysis

Wound culture

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Which joint is an example of a gliding joint?

Thumb

Elbow

Shoulder

Sacroiliac

The sacroiliac joint connects the sacrum with the pelvis. It is a type of gliding joint, because one surface of the bone moves over another surface. The thumb joint is an example of a condyloid joint. The elbow joint is a synovial hinge joint. The shoulder joint is an example of a ball-and-socket joint.

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Which type of cast or splint would the nurse expect to see on a child with a fractured femur?

Cylinder

Hip spica

Prefabricated knee

Robert Jones

Hip spica

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For which purpose is a goniometer used? To assess range of motion To reduce phantom limb sensation To prevent hip flexion contractures To immobilize a joint during fracture

To assess range of motion

Which term describes synovial joint movement away from the midline of the body? Inversion Extension Pronation Abduction

Abduction

Which example is classified as a flat bone? Select all that apply. Sacrum Scapula Sternum Humerus Mandible

Scapula Sternum

Which tissue connects the client’s tibia to the femur at the knee joint? Fascia Bursae Tendons Ligaments

Ligaments

Which example is classified as a short bone? Tibia Femur Tarsals Humerus

Tarsals

Which substance increases the rate of protein synthesis? Estrogen Thyroxine Parathormone Vitamin D

Thyroxine

Which factor would the nurse recognize as a cause of neck pain in a client? Headache Poor posture Low body weight Sedentary lifestyle

Poor posture

Which condition can be identified in a client using Phalen’s test? Atrophy Bone tumor Rotator cuff injury Carpal tunnel syndrome

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Using the muscle strength scale, which rating would the nurse record for a client who can complete range of motion with some resistance? 1 2 3 4

Which foot disorder is caused by continual pressure over bony prominences? Corn Wart Hammertoe Hallux rigidus

Corn

Which finding during a home health visit would prompt the nurse to provide a client with home safety instructions? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. Area rugs on the floor Clogged, dirty fireplace Multiple electrical cords Multiple prescribed medications Wheeled walker with uneven legs

All of the above

Which instruction would the nurse provide an older client using ice and heat to treat pain from back strain? Switch positions every 4 hours. Use a heating pad for the first 24 hours. Apply for 30-minute time intervals. Place the ice pack directly on the injury site.

Apply for 30-minute time intervals. To prevent skin damage, ice and heat should only be applied for 20- to 30-minute intervals. Clients should be instructed to shift positions every hour to prevent skin breakdown. Ice should be used the first 24 to 48 hours followed by heat. Ice should never be directly applied to the skin as it can cause injury to the tissue.

After signing a legal consent for hip replacement surgery and within hours before the surgery, the client states, "I decided not to go through with the surgery." Which response would the nurse use initially? "Then you shouldn’t have signed the consent." "I can understand why you changed your mind." "Tell me why you decided to refuse the operation." "Let’s talk about your concerns regarding the procedure."

"Let’s talk about your concerns regarding the procedure."

Which synovial joint movement is involved in turning a client’s palm downward? Eversion Inversion Pronation Supination

Pronation

Which nursing intervention would the nurse implement when providing postoperative care for a client who had a below-the-knee amputation? Maintain strict bed rest for 2 days postprocedure to reduce dependent edema. Elevate residual leg slightly while keeping the knee joint straight for first 24 hours. Hemorrhage rarely occurs during the early postoperative period. The surgeon will change the dressing within 48 hours after the procedure.

Elevate residual leg slightly while keeping the knee joint straight for first 24 hours.

A client returns from surgery, after a right below-the-knee amputation, with the residual limb straight, but elevated on a pillow to prevent edema. In which position would the nurse place the client after the first postoperative day? Any position, as long as the residual limb remains immobilized Turn client to the prone position for 15 to 20 minutes at least three times a day For short periods, position the client in the right side-lying position Maintain elevation of the residual limb for a total of 3 days

Turn client to the prone position for 15 to 20 minutes at least three times a day

Which position would the nurse use for placement of the affected extremity of a client who is recovering from an open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of a fractured hip? External rotation Slight hip flexion Moderate abduction Anatomic body alignment

Moderate abduction

Which response would the nurse provide to a client who expresses malignancy fears associated with the pending bone biopsy report? "Worrying is not going to help the situation." "Let’s wait until we hear what the biopsy report says." "It is very upsetting to have to wait for a biopsy report." "Operations are not performed unless there are no other options."

"It is very upsetting to have to wait for a biopsy report."

Which hormone promotes bone resorption in a client and potentially leads to decreased bone densities? Estrogen Calcitonin Growth hormone Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

When performing a physical assessment on a client, which term would the nurse use to describe a flat, poorly defined mass on the sole over a bony prominence and caused by pressure? Plantar wart Callus Ingrown nail Hypertrophic ungual labium

Callus

Which key factor assists the nurse in assessing how a client will cope with the body image change after an above-the-knee amputation? Extent of the change Suddenness of the change Obviousness of the change Personal perception of the change

Personal perception of the change

The nurse advises a client recovering from a musculoskeletal injury to increase intake of which nutrient? Fat Protein Sodium Vitamin A

Protein

Joint fluid is normally ____________ and colorless or straw-colored.

transparent

The nurse provides home care instructions to a client who was treated for injuries due to a fall. Which statement made by the client indicates a need for additional instruction? "I should walk on soft scatter rugs at home." "I should drink 3000 mL of water every day." "I should eat fruits and vegetables six times a day." "I should exercise the joints above and below the cast daily."

"I should walk on soft scatter rugs at home."

Which element would the nurse focus on when teaching crutch-walking to a client who has a casted leg fracture? Establishing a schedule for pain medication Maintaining a fixed schedule of daily activities Modifying the home environment to prevent accidents Understanding that a more sedentary lifestyle is necessary

Modifying the home environment to prevent accidents

Which medication is used in the treatment of a client with intervertebral disc disease? Etidronate Zoledronic acid Cyclobenzaprine Salmon calcitonin

Cyclobenzaprine

Which treatement is considered first-line for Paget’s disease? Oral alendronate Oral calcium Intravenous pamidronate Intravenous zoledronic acid

Oral alendronate

Which phrase describes a greenstick fracture? More than two fragments Incomplete with one side bent Spontaneous, at the site of bone disease Across the longitudinal axis of the bone shaft

Incomplete with one side bent

Which action by a 70-year-old female client would best limit further progression of osteoporosis? Taking supplemental calcium and vitamin D Increasing the consumption of eggs and cheese Taking supplemental magnesium and vitamin E Increasing the consumption of milk products

Taking supplemental calcium and vitamin D

____________ is a lateral S-shaped curvature of the thoracic and lumbar spine; Pt has unequal shoulder and scapular height when observed from the back.

Scoliosis

Which bursae are between the client’s elbow and the skin? Olecranon Prepatellar Subacromial Trochanteric

Olecranon

Which type of joint is present in between a client’s tarsal bones? Pivot Hinge Saddle Gliding

Gliding

Which hormone aids in regulating intestinal calcium and phosphorous absorption? Insulin Thyroxine Glucocorticoids Parathyroid hormone

Glucocorticoids

Which hormones are involved in building and maintaining healthy bone tissue? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. Insulin Thyroxine Glucocorticoids Growth hormone Parathyroid hormone

Insulin Glucocorticoids Growth hormone

Which age-related finding would the nurse expect to discover when assessing an older adult client? Big, wide opened eyes Presence of facial hair A bruise on the elbow Walking with neck bent forward

Walking with neck bent forward

Which serum hormone level elevates in response to a client’s total serum calcium concentration of 7.9 mg/dL (0.43 mmol/L)? Estrogen Thyroxine Growth hormone Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

The health care provider prescribed raloxifene for a client with osteoporosis. Which manifestation would the nurse monitor in this client? Check serum creatinine Monitor urinary calcium Monitor liver function tests Observe for anxiety and drowsiness

Monitor liver function tests

Which factor may have led to the development of flexion contractures in a client with osteoarthritis (OA)? Wearing shoes without insoles Elevating the legs 8 to 12 inches Using large pillows under the knees or head Placing a small pillow under the head in the supine position

Using large pillows under the knees or head

A child’s blood test after receiving a general anesthetic indicates increased intracellular calcium levels. Which medication would the nurse anticipate administering to this client? Aspirin Naproxen Ibuprofen Dantrolene

Dantrolene

Which clinical manifestation would the nurse expect to find in a client who has had damage to major blood vessels caused by a fractured tibia? Increased blood pressure Extensive thigh edema Increased skin temperature of the foot Prolonged capillary refill of the toes

Prolonged capillary refill of the toes

A nurse is caring for a client with a below-the-knee amputation. Which action would the nurse teach the client to perform in order to prepare the residual limb for a prosthesis? Abduct the residual limb when ambulating. Dangle the residual limb off the bed frequently. Soak the residual limb in warm water twice a day. Press the end of the residual limb against a pillow periodically.

Press the end of the residual limb against a pillow periodically.