Week 3 RS

Question 1

what are the 5 layers of the scalp?

Answer 1

skin, dense connective tissue, the epicranial aponeurosis, loose connective tissue and pericranium

Question 2

describe the vasculature of the scalp

Answer 2

supplied by branches of both the internal and external carotid arteries. These branches
anastomose freely with each other

Question 3

what does the scalp consist of?

Answer 3

skin and subcutaneous tissue covering the neurocranium

Question 4

where are the muscles of facial expression derived from embryologically?

Answer 4

from the second pharyngeal arch

Question 5

what are the muscles of facial expression supplied by

Answer 5

the facial nerve, the seventh cranial nerve

Question 6

what does each orifice have?

Answer 6

a sphincter, an opposing dilator, elevator, and depressor

arrangement of muscles

Question 7

what is the primary fuction of the muscles of facial expression

Answer 7

to control the respective orifices

Question 8

what is the secondary function of the secondary effects of the muscles of facial expression

Answer 8

facial expression

Question 9

how are the muscles of facial expressions divided?

Answer 9

into groups that guard/control the main orifices of the face (orbit,
nose, mouth)

Question 10

what are the 4 groups of the muscles of facial expression and detail what they contain

Answer 10

the muscles of the eyelids: sphincter dilators/elevators
the muscles of the nostrils: sphincter dilators/elevator
the muscles of the lips and cheeks: sphincter dilators

Question 11

what is the shape of the infratemporal fossa?

Answer 11

irregularly shaped three-dimensional space

Question 12

where is the infratemporal fossa?

Answer 12

lying deep to the

ramus of the mandible

Question 13

what does the infratemporal fossa contain?

Answer 13

It contains the pterygoid muscles, and nerves to the mandibular teeth
and tongue pass through this

Question 14

boundaries of the infratemporal fossa

Answer 14

maxillia 
mandibular process
styloid process
typanic plate
lateral pterygoid plate
mastoid process

Question 15

contents of the infratemportal fossa?

Answer 15

lateral and medial pterygoid muscles
The maxillary artery
The inferior alveolar and lingual nerve

Question 16

which arteries supply the head and neck

Answer 16

head and neck are supplied with arterial blood via the common carotid arteries and
branches of the subclavian arteries

Question 17

what does the internal carotid and vertebral arteries supply?

Answer 17

The cranial cavity and brain

Question 18

what does the external carotid supply?

Answer 18

the face and upper neck

Question 19

where is the internal jugular relative to the common carotid artery in the neck

Answer 19

The internal jugular vein

lies lateral to the common carotid artery in the neck

Question 20

where is the vagus nerve found

Answer 20

posterior to these vascular structures

Question 21

what is enclosed within the carotid sheath

Answer 21

artery, vein, nerve

Question 22

where is the hypoglossal nerve and which crainal nerve is it? and what is its path

Answer 22

the 12th cranial nerve, can be seen crossing lateral to the external
carotid artery (just superior to the carotid bifurcation) towards the tongue which it supplies
with motor fibres.