Scalene

Question 1

anatomical relationship of the scale

Answer 1

The scalene muscles are an important part of the anatomy of the neck, with several important structures located between and around them.

The brachial plexus and subclavian artery pass between the anterior and middle scalene muscles. This provides an important anatomical landmark in anaesthetics for performing an interscalene block.

The subclavian vein and phrenic nerve pass anteriorly to the anterior scalene – the subclavian vein courses horizontally across it, while the phrenic nerve runs vertically down the muscle.

Question 2

what are the different parts of the scalene

Answer 2

post
middle
ant

Question 3

desribe Posterior Scalene

Answer 3

The posterior scalene is the smallest and deepest of the scalene muscles. Unlike the anterior and middle scalene muscles, it inserts into the second rib.

Attachments: Originates from the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of C5-C7, and attaches into the second rib.
Function: Elevation of the second rib, and ipsilateral lateral flexion of the neck.
Innervation: Anterior rami of C6-C8.

Question 4

desribe middle scalene

Answer 4

The middle scalene is the largest and longest of the three scalene muscles. It has several long, thin muscles bellies arising from the cervical spine, which converge into one large belly that inserts into the first rib.

Attachments: Originates from the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of C2-C7, and attaches to the scalene tubercle of the first rib.
Function: Elevation of the first rib. Ipsilateral contraction causes ipsilateral lateral flexion of the neck.
Innervation: Anterior rami of C3-C8.

Question 5

desribe anterior scalene

Answer 5

The anterior scalene muscle lies on the lateral aspect of the neck, deep to the prominent sternocleidomastoid muscle.

Attachments: Originates from the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of C3-C6, and attaches onto the scalene tubercle, on the inner border of the first rib.
Function: Elevation of the first rib. Ipsilateral contraction causes ipsilateral lateral flexion of the neck, and bilateral contraction causes anterior flexion of the neck.
Innervation: Anterior rami of C5-C6.

Question 6

what are the scale muscles and what is their role

Answer 6

are three paired muscles (anterior, middle and posterior), located in the lateral aspect of the neck. Collectively, they form part of the floor of the posterior triangle of the neck.

The scalenes act as accessory muscles of respiration, and perform flexion at the neck.