Parathyroid Glands Flashcards
what are the parathyroid glands
The parathyroid glands are small endocrine glands located in the anterior neck. They are responsible for the production of parathyroid hormone, which acts to control calcium levels in the body.
antomical location of the parathroid glands
The parathyroid glands are located on the posterior aspect of the lateral lobes of the thyroid gland. They are flattened and oval in shape, situated external to the gland itself, but within its sheath.
The majority of people have four parathyroid glands, although variation in number is common. Anatomically, the glands can be divided into two pairs:
Superior parathyroid glands – Derived embryologically from the fourth pharyngeal pouch. They are located approximately 1cm superior to the entry of the inferior thyroid arteries into the thyroid gland (at level of the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage).
Inferior parathyroid glands – Derived embryologically from the third pharyngeal pouch. Although inconsistent in location between individuals, the inferior parathyroid glands are usually found near the inferior poles of the thyroid gland. In a small percentage of people, the glands can be found as far inferiorly as the superior mediastinum.
