Lymphs of Head and neck

Question 1

what is waldeyers ring

Answer 1

Waldeyer’s tonsillar ring refers to the collection of lymphatic tissue surrounding the superior pharynx. This lymphatic tissue responds to pathogens that may be ingested or inhaled. The tonsils that make up the ring are as follows:

Lingual tonsil – located on the posterior base of the tongue to form the antero-inferior part of the ring.
Palatine tonsils – located on each side between the palatoglossal and glossopharyngeal arches. These are the common ‘tonsils’ that can be seen within the oral cavity. They form the lateral part of the ring.
Tubal tonsils – these are located where each Eustachian tube opens into the nasopharynx and form the lateral part of the ring.
Pharyngeal tonsil – also called the nasopharyngeal/adenoid tonsil, located in the roof of the nasopharynx, behind the uvulva and forms the postero-superior part of the ring.

Question 2

what are the deep lymph nodes

Answer 2

Waldeyer’s tonsillar ring refers to the collection of lymphatic tissue surrounding the superior pharynx. This lymphatic tissue responds to pathogens that may be ingested or inhaled. The tonsils that make up the ring are as follows:

Lingual tonsil – located on the posterior base of the tongue to form the antero-inferior part of the ring.
Palatine tonsils – located on each side between the palatoglossal and glossopharyngeal arches. These are the common ‘tonsils’ that can be seen within the oral cavity. They form the lateral part of the ring.
Tubal tonsils – these are located where each Eustachian tube opens into the nasopharynx and form the lateral part of the ring.
Pharyngeal tonsil – also called the nasopharyngeal/adenoid tonsil, located in the roof of the nasopharynx, behind the uvulva and forms the postero-superior part of the ring.

Question 3

what are the superficial lymph nodes

Answer 3

The superficial lymph nodes of the head and neck receive lymph from the scalp, face and neck. They are arranged in a ring shape; extending from underneath the chin, to the posterior aspect of the head. They ultimately drain into the deep lymph nodes.

Question 4

which groups are the lyph nodes divided into

Answer 4

The lymph nodes of the head and neck can be divided into two groups; a superficial ring of lymph nodes, and a vertical group of deep lymph nodes.

Question 5

occipital

Answer 5

Occipital: There are usually between 1-3 occipital lymph nodes. They are located in the back of the head at the lateral border of the trapezius muscle and collect lymph from the occipital area of the scalp.

Question 6

mostoid

Answer 6

Mastoid: There are usually 2 mastoid lymph nodes, which are also called the post-auricular lymph nodes. They are located posterior to the ear and lie on the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle into the mastoid process. They collect lymph from the posterior neck, upper ear and the back of the external auditory meatus (the ear canal).
Pre-auricular: There are usually between 1-3 pre-auricular lymph nodes. They are located anterior to the auricle of the ear, and collect lymph from the superficial areas of the face and temporal region.

Question 7

patrotoid

Answer 7

The parotid lymph nodes are a small group of nodes located superficially to the parotid gland. They collect lymph from the nose, the nasal cavity, the external acoustic meatus, the tympanic cavity and the lateral borders of the orbit. There are also parotid lymph nodes deep to the parotid gland that drain the nasal cavities and the

Question 8

parotid

Answer 8

These lymph nodes are located superficially to the mylohoid muscle. They collect lymph from the central lower lip, the floor of the mouth and the apex of the tongue_

Question 9

submental

Answer 9

There are usually between 3-6 submandibular nodes. They are located below the mandible in the submandibular triangle and collect lymph from the cheeks, the lateral aspects of the nose, upper lip, lateral parts of the lower lip, gums and the anterior tongue. They also receive lymph from the submental and facial lymph nodes_

Question 10

facial

Answer 10

Facial: This group comprises the maxillary/infraorbital, buccinator and supramandibular lymph nodes. They collect lymph from the mucous membranes of the nose and cheek, eyelids and conjunctiva.

Question 11

Superficial Cervical:

Answer 11

The superficial cervical lymph nodes can be divided into the superficial anterior cervical nodes and the posterior lateral superficial cervical lymph nodes. The anterior nodes lie close to the anterior jugular vein and collect lymph from the superficial surfaces of the anterior neck. The posterior lateral nodes lie close to the external jugular vein and collect lymph from superficial surfaces of the neck.

Question 12

whar can e lymphatic vessels of the head and neck be divided into

Answer 12

superficial vessels and deep vessels

Question 13

desribe the superficila vessels

Answer 13

The superficial vessels drain lymph from the scalp, face and neck into the superficial ring of lymph nodes at the junction of the neck and head.

Question 14

desribe the deep vessels

Answer 14

the deep lymphatic vessels arise from the deep cervical lymph nodes. They converge to form the left and right jugular lymphatic trunks:

Left jugular lymphatic trunk – joins the thoracic duct at the root of the neck.
Right jugular lymphatic trunk empties into the right lymphatic duct at the root of the neck.

Question 15

what is the function of the lymphatic tissue

Answer 15

drain tissue fluid, plasma proteins and other cellular debris back into the blood stream, and is also involved in immune defence

Question 16

what happens once substances have entered the lymphatic vessels and what happens to the subtstance henceafter

Answer 16

, it is known as lymph. Lymph is subsequently filtered by lymph nodes and directed into the venous system.