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BDS3 Anatomy > Week 3: Root of Neck, ANS, Scalp & Cranial Cavity > Flashcards

Week 3: Root of Neck, ANS, Scalp & Cranial Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

boundaries of root of neck are

A

anterior - Top of manubrium & superior border of clavicle

posterior - body of T1 & superior margin of scapula to coracoid process

lateral - : First pair of ribs & costal cartilages

inferior- Superior thoracic aperture (thoracic inlet) & axillary inlets

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2
Q

The major nerve structures which pass from the neck through the axillary inlets are

A

brachial plexus

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3
Q

brachial plexus formed of

A

the anterior rami of five spinal nerves – C5 to C8 and T1

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4
Q

what is the cervical pleura?

A

it is the region of the parietal pleura extending through the superior thoracic aperture to coat the apex of the lungs.

It is a continuation of the costal and mediastinal parietal pleura. It is dome-shaped

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5
Q

what is the cervical pleura is reinforced by?

A

fibrous extension of endothoracic fascia, which forms the suprapleural membrane/ Sibson’s fascia.

This attaches to internal border of first rib and the transverse process of the vertebra prominens, C7.

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6
Q

3 branches of the aortic arch

A

brachiocephalic artery
L common carotid
L subclavian artery

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7
Q

what are the 3 parts of the subclavian artery?

A

1st part: prescalene - Medial to anterior scalene muscle

2nd part - postscalene: Posterior to anterior scalene muscle

3rd part - retroscalene : Lateral to anterior scalene muscle. Lies anterior to trunks of brachial plexus; also longest & most superficial part of the artery

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8
Q

branches of subclavian artery

A

vertebral artery
thyrocervical trunk
internal thoracic artery
costocervical trunk
dorsal scapular

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9
Q

prescalene branches of subclavian artery

A

Vertebral artery
thyrocervical trunk
internal thoracic artery

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10
Q

postscalene branches of subclavian artery

A

costocervical trunk

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11
Q

retroscalene branches of subclavian artery

A

dorsal scapular artery

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12
Q

subclavian vein is a continuation of which vein?

A

axillary vein

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13
Q

what does the subclavian vein join with to form the brachiocephalic vein

A

internal jugular

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14
Q

what are the (anterior) prevertebral muscles?

A

Longus colli
Longus capitis
Rectus capitis anterior
Anterior scalene

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15
Q

what are the (posterior) prevertebral muscles?

A

Rectus capitis lateralis
Splenius capitis
Levator scapulae
Middle & posterior scalenes

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16
Q

what is the central nervous system

A

composed of brain and spinal cord

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17
Q

what is the peripheral nervous system

A

spinal nerves & cranial nerves

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18
Q

what is the autonomic nervous system

A

controls involuntary responses part of PNS

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19
Q

what is the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

A

part of ANS:
fight or flight
rest and digest

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20
Q

what is Horner’s syndrome

A

Damage to cervical sympathetic trunk resulting in absence of sympathetically stimulated functions on ipsilateral side of head

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21
Q

cervical part of the sympathetic trunk includes

A

superior cervical ganglion
middle cervical ganglion
inferior cervical ganglion
cervical ganglia

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22
Q

superior cervical ganglion branches v

A

ICA & ECA (forming plexuses)
Cervical spinal nerves (C1-C4, cervical plexus)
Pharynx
Superior cardiac nerves

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23
Q

the middle cervical ganglion supply branches via

A

Cervical spinal nerves (C5, C6)
Middle cardiac nerves

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24
Q

the inferior cervical ganglion branches

A

Vertebral artery (forming a plexus)
Cervical spinal nerves (C7-T1; C7 & C8 to brachial plexus)
inferior cardiac nerves

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25
cervical ganglia regulate sympathetic innervation of
Eyes (pupil dilation), eyelids, lacrimal glands, carotid body, salivary glands, sweat glands
26
clinical features of Horner's syndrome
Constriction of pupil (miosis) Drooping of superior eyelid (ptosis) Vasodilation & absence of sweating on face/neck (flushed face & anhydrosis)
27
what are the parasympathetic cranial ganglia
ciliary ganglion pterygopalatine ganglion  submandibular ganglion otic ganglion 
28
where are the ciliary ganglion located?
Between the optic nerve and the lateral rectus muscle
29
where are the pterygopalatine ganglion located
Within the pterygopalatine fossa
30
where are the submandibular ganglion located
Suspended from the lingual nerve, close to submandibular gland
31
where are the otic ganglion located
below the foramen ovale in the infratemporal fossa a
32
what does the scalp consist of
skin & subcutaneous tissue from the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone to the supraorbital margins of the frontal bone
33
how does the scalp extend laterally
over the temporal fascia to the zygomatic arch
34
what is the face
the anterior aspect of the head from forehead to chin & from one ear to the other
35
what are the layers of the scalp
Skin (Dense) Connective Tissue Epicranial Aponeurosis Loose Connective Tissue Pericranium
36
what is the (dense) connective tissue of the scalp
Subcutaneous layer richly vascularised & with cutaneous nerves
37
what is the epicranial aponeuorisis layer of the scalp
Tendon & muscle of occipitofrontalis
38
what is the loose connective tissue layer of the scalp
that allows free movement of outer layers over underlying calvaria
39
what is the peroicranium layer of the scalp
External periosteum of skull
40
what is the cutaneous nerve supply to the scalp
Cutaneous/sensory innervation is supplied via CN V (V1, V2, V3) Cervical nerves from C2 & C3
41
what is the cutaneous nerve supply to the scalp
CNV1 - Supratrochlear , Supraorbital CNV2 - Zygomaticotemporal CNV3 - Auriculotemporal C2 - Greater occipital nerve ,Lesser occipital nerve C2-3 -Great auricular nerve C3 -Third occipital nerve
42
CN V1 branches
Supraorbital Supratrochlear Infratrochlear External nasal Lacrimal
43
CN V2 branches
Zygomaticotemporal Zygomaticofacial Infra-orbital
44
CN V3 main branches
Auriculotemporal Buccal Mental
45
skin over the angle of the mandible is innervated by which nerve(s)
the cervical plexus with the great auricular nerve (C2 & C3)
46
Arterial supply to the scalp is from
anterior scalp = the internal carotid arteries lateral & posterior scalp = external carotid arteries
47
branches of the ICA that supply anterior scalp
Supraorbital Supratrochlear
48
branches of the ECA that supply the lateral and posterior scalp
Superficial temporal Posterior auricular Occipital
49
venous drainage of the scalp
external jugular vein (except occipital vein that drains to the internal jugular vein)
50
what are the 2 means of lymphatic drainage of the scalp
Posterior: Mastoid & occipital nodes drain to deep cervical nodes Anterior: Pre-auricular & parotid nodes
51
what are the 3 cranial fossae within the skull
anterior, middle, posterior
52
what are the boundaries of the anterior cranial fossa
anterior: cribriform plate of ethmoid bone, orbital plate of frontal bone, lesser wings and body of sphenoid bone. posterior: lesser wings of sphenoid bone.
53
what are the boundaries of the middle cranial fossa
anterior: posterior margins of the lesser wings of the sphenoid bone; anterior clinoid processes; anterior margin of the chiasmatic groove. posterior: anterior surface of petrous temporal bones; dorsum sellae.
54
what separates the middle and posterior cranial fossa
The petrous temporal bones
55
what does the posterior cranial fossa contain
cerebellum & brainstem
56
what are the boundaries of the posterior cranial fossa
Anteriorly it extends to the apex of the petrous temporal. Posteriorly it is enclosed by the occipital bone. Laterally portions of the squamous temporal and mastoid part of the temporal bone form its walls.
57
what are the cranial meninges
pia mater dura mater arachnoid mater
58
what the the layers of the dura mater
Periosteal Layer Attached to bone Meningeal Layer In contact with arachnoid mater
59
where do 2 layers of dura mater separate at
Venous sinuses Dural folds
60
features of the arachnoid mater
Lines the dura mater Trabeculae project from internal surface, across the subarachnoid space, and are continuous with the pia mater
61
what is the subarachnoid space
Fluid filled space Contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood vessels in between arachnoid and pia mater
62
what is the pia mater
Thin membrane attached to surface of brain
63
what importance do the dura mater folds have
Limit the movement of the brain within the cavity
64
what is the blood supply to the dura mater
by meningeal arteries

BDS3 Anatomy (12 decks)

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