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BDS3 Anatomy > Week 3: Root of Neck, ANS, Scalp & Cranial Cavity > Flashcards

Week 3: Root of Neck, ANS, Scalp & Cranial Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

boundaries of root of neck are

A

anterior - Top of manubrium & superior border of clavicle

posterior - body of T1 & superior margin of scapula to coracoid process

lateral - : First pair of ribs & costal cartilages

inferior- Superior thoracic aperture (thoracic inlet) & axillary inlets

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2
Q

The major nerve structures which pass from the neck through the axillary inlets are

A

brachial plexus

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3
Q

brachial plexus formed of

A

the anterior rami of five spinal nerves – C5 to C8 and T1

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4
Q

what is the cervical pleura?

A

it is the region of the parietal pleura extending through the superior thoracic aperture to coat the apex of the lungs.

It is a continuation of the costal and mediastinal parietal pleura. It is dome-shaped

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5
Q

what is the cervical pleura is reinforced by?

A

fibrous extension of endothoracic fascia, which forms the suprapleural membrane/ Sibson’s fascia.

This attaches to internal border of first rib and the transverse process of the vertebra prominens, C7.

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6
Q

3 branches of the aortic arch

A

brachiocephalic artery
L common carotid
L subclavian artery

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7
Q

what are the 3 parts of the subclavian artery?

A

1st part: prescalene - Medial to anterior scalene muscle

2nd part - postscalene: Posterior to anterior scalene muscle

3rd part - retroscalene : Lateral to anterior scalene muscle. Lies anterior to trunks of brachial plexus; also longest & most superficial part of the artery

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8
Q

branches of subclavian artery

A

vertebral artery
thyrocervical trunk
internal thoracic artery
costocervical trunk
dorsal scapular

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9
Q

prescalene branches of subclavian artery

A

Vertebral artery
thyrocervical trunk
internal thoracic artery

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10
Q

postscalene branches of subclavian artery

A

costocervical trunk

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11
Q

retroscalene branches of subclavian artery

A

dorsal scapular artery

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12
Q

subclavian vein is a continuation of which vein?

A

axillary vein

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13
Q

what does the subclavian vein join with to form the brachiocephalic vein

A

internal jugular

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14
Q

what are the (anterior) prevertebral muscles?

A

Longus colli
Longus capitis
Rectus capitis anterior
Anterior scalene

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15
Q

what are the (posterior) prevertebral muscles?

A

Rectus capitis lateralis
Splenius capitis
Levator scapulae
Middle & posterior scalenes

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16
Q

what is the central nervous system

A

composed of brain and spinal cord

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17
Q

what is the peripheral nervous system

A

spinal nerves & cranial nerves

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18
Q

what is the autonomic nervous system

A

controls involuntary responses part of PNS

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19
Q

what is the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

A

part of ANS:
fight or flight
rest and digest

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20
Q

what is Horner’s syndrome

A

Damage to cervical sympathetic trunk resulting in absence of sympathetically stimulated functions on ipsilateral side of head

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21
Q

cervical part of the sympathetic trunk includes

A

superior cervical ganglion
middle cervical ganglion
inferior cervical ganglion
cervical ganglia

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22
Q

superior cervical ganglion branches v

A

ICA & ECA (forming plexuses)
Cervical spinal nerves (C1-C4, cervical plexus)
Pharynx
Superior cardiac nerves

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23
Q

the middle cervical ganglion supply branches via

A

Cervical spinal nerves (C5, C6)
Middle cardiac nerves

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24
Q

the inferior cervical ganglion branches

A

Vertebral artery (forming a plexus)
Cervical spinal nerves (C7-T1; C7 & C8 to brachial plexus)
inferior cardiac nerves

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25
Q

cervical ganglia regulate sympathetic innervation of

A

Eyes (pupil dilation), eyelids, lacrimal glands, carotid body, salivary glands, sweat glands

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26
Q

clinical features of Horner’s syndrome

A

Constriction of pupil (miosis)
Drooping of superior eyelid (ptosis)
Vasodilation & absence of sweating on face/neck (flushed face & anhydrosis)

27
Q

what are the parasympathetic cranial ganglia

A

ciliary ganglion
pterygopalatine ganglion
submandibular ganglion
otic ganglion

28
Q

where are the ciliary ganglion located?

A

Between the optic nerve and the lateral rectus muscle

29
Q

where are the pterygopalatine ganglionlocated

A

Within the pterygopalatine fossa

30
Q

where are the submandibular ganglion located

A

Suspended from the lingual nerve, close to submandibular gland

31
Q

where are the otic ganglionlocated

A

below the foramen ovale in the infratemporal fossa a

32
Q

what does the scalp consist of

A

skin & subcutaneous tissue from the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone to the supraorbital margins of the frontal bone

33
Q

how does the scalp extend laterally

A

over the temporal fascia to the zygomatic arch

34
Q

what is the face

A

the anterior aspect of the head from forehead to chin & from one ear to the other

35
Q

what are the layers of the scalp

A

Skin
(Dense) Connective Tissue
Epicranial Aponeurosis
Loose Connective Tissue
Pericranium

36
Q

what is the (dense) connective tissue of the scalp

A

Subcutaneous layer richly vascularised & with cutaneous nerves

37
Q

what is the epicranial aponeuorisis layer of the scalp

A

Tendon & muscle of occipitofrontalis

38
Q

what is the loose connective tissue layer of the scalp

A

that allows free movement of outer layers over underlying calvaria

39
Q

what is the peroicranium layer of the scalp

A

External periosteum of skull

40
Q

what is the cutaneous nerve supply to the scalp

A

Cutaneous/sensory innervation is supplied via
CN V (V1, V2, V3)
Cervical nerves from C2 & C3

41
Q

what is the cutaneous nerve supply to the scalp

A

CNV1
- Supratrochlear , Supraorbital
CNV2
- Zygomaticotemporal
CNV3
- Auriculotemporal

C2
- Greater occipital nerve ,Lesser occipital nerve
C2-3
-Great auricular nerve
C3
-Third occipital nerve

42
Q

CN V1 branches

A

Supraorbital
Supratrochlear
Infratrochlear
External nasal
Lacrimal

43
Q

CN V2 branches

A

Zygomaticotemporal
Zygomaticofacial
Infra-orbital

44
Q

CN V3 main branches

A

Auriculotemporal
Buccal
Mental

45
Q

skin over the angle of the mandible is innervated by which nerve(s)

A

the cervical plexus with the great auricular nerve (C2 & C3)

46
Q

Arterial supply to the scalp is from

A

anterior scalp = the internal carotid arteries
lateral & posterior scalp = external carotid arteries

47
Q

branches of the ICA that supply anterior scalp

A

Supraorbital
Supratrochlear

48
Q

branches of the ECA that supply the lateral and posterior scalp

A

Superficial temporal
Posterior auricular
Occipital

49
Q

venous drainage of the scalp

A

external jugular vein
(except occipital vein that drains to the internal jugular vein)

50
Q

what are the 2 means of lymphatic drainage of the scalp

A

Posterior: Mastoid & occipital nodes drain to deep cervical nodes

Anterior: Pre-auricular & parotid nodes

51
Q

what are the 3 cranial fossae within the skull

A

anterior, middle, posterior

52
Q

what are the boundaries of the anterior cranial fossa

A

anterior: cribriform plate of ethmoid bone, orbital plate of frontal bone, lesser wings and body of sphenoid bone.

posterior: lesser wings of sphenoid bone.

53
Q

what are the boundaries of the middle cranial fossa

A

anterior: posterior margins of the lesser wings of the sphenoid bone; anterior clinoid processes; anterior margin of the chiasmatic groove.

posterior: anterior surface of petrous temporal bones; dorsum sellae.

54
Q

what separates the middle and posterior cranial fossa

A

The petrous temporal bones

55
Q

what does the posterior cranial fossa contain

A

cerebellum & brainstem

56
Q

what are the boundaries of the posterior cranial fossa

A

Anteriorly it extends to the apex of the petrous temporal.

Posteriorly it is enclosed by the occipital bone.

Laterally portions of the squamous temporal and mastoid part of the temporal bone form its walls.

57
Q

what are the cranial meninges

A

pia mater
dura mater
arachnoid mater

58
Q

what the the layers of the dura mater

A

Periosteal Layer
Attached to bone

Meningeal Layer
In contact with arachnoid mater

59
Q

where do 2 layers of dura mater separate at

A

Venous sinuses
Dural folds

60
Q

features of the arachnoid mater

A

Lines the dura mater
Trabeculae project from internal surface, across the subarachnoid space, and are continuous with the pia mater

61
Q

what is the subarachnoid space

A

Fluid filled space
Contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood vessels

in between arachnoid and pia mater

62
Q

what is the pia mater

A

Thin membrane attached to surface of brain

63
Q

what importance do the dura mater folds have

A

Limit the movement of the brain within the cavity

64
Q

what is the blood supply to the dura mater

A

by meningeal arteries

BDS3 Anatomy (12 decks)

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