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BDS3 Anatomy > Week 10: Larynx, Nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses > Flashcards

Week 10: Larynx, Nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses Flashcards

1
Q

function of the larynx

A

Allows air passage in & out of the trachea
Protective sphincter preventing foreign bodies from entering the airway
Organ of phonation (speech production)

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2
Q

what does the laryngeal skeleton consist of

A

9 cartilages (all hyaline cartilage except epiglottis)
3 unpaired, 3 paired

thyroid - largest
cricoid - forms complete ring
epiglottis - Elastic
arytenoid
cuneiform
corniculate

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3
Q

what is the superior thyroid notch.

A

formed by the fusion of the anterior borders of the 2 laminae

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4
Q

How do the superior border and superior horns of the thyroid cartilage attach to the hyoid

A

by the thyrohyoid membrane

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5
Q

how is the cricoid cartilage attached to the first tracheal ring

A

inferiorly - by the cricotracheal ligament
superiorly - to the thyroid cartilage by the cricothyroid ligament

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6
Q

how is the epiglottis connected to the thyroid cartilage

A

thyro-epiglottic ligament

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7
Q

how is the epiglottis connected to the hyoid

A

hyoepiglotticligament

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8
Q

how is the arytenoid cartilage connected to the corniculate cartilage

A

the apex of the arytenoid cartilage articulates with the corniculate cartilage, and this also attaches to the aryepiglottic fold

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9
Q

what are the crico-arytenoid joints

A

a joint connecting the cricoid cartilage and the arytenoid cartilage.

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10
Q

what connects the thyroid cartilage and the hyoid bone

A

the thyrohyoid membrane

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11
Q

what are the features of the thyrohyoid membrane

A

thicker both anteriorly and posteriorly
- Posteriorly, it forms the lateral ligament - where the triticeal cartilage is embedded
- Anteriorly, the thickening of the membrane is called the median thyrohyoid ligament

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12
Q

what are the extrinsic ligaments and membrane of the larynx.

A

thyrohyoid, hyoepiglottic and cricotracheal ligaments
thyrohyoid membrane

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13
Q

what are the intrinsic ligaments and membrane of the larynx

A

quadrangular membrane
Cricothyroid ligament
Vocal ligament
aryepiglottic ligament
vestibular ligament

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14
Q

where is Quadrangular membranefound

A

extends between the lateral aspects of the arytenoid and epiglottic cartilages

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15
Q

what forms the form thevestibular fold

A

vestibular ligament covered loosely by mucosa

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16
Q

what forms thearyepiglottic fold and what features are associated with it

A

aryepiglottic ligament covered by mucosa.
it forms the laryngeal inlet which is the protective sphincter of the larynx

thecorniculateandcuneiform cartilages, as small nodules found posterior to the fold

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17
Q

what forms the the conus elasticus

A

the lateral portion of the cricothyroid ligament - which is thinner

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18
Q

what is the the median cricothyroid ligament

A

Thickened anteriorly part of the Cricothyroid ligament

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19
Q

where is the Cricothyroid ligament found

A

From cricoid to arytenoid to thyroid cartilage

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20
Q

where are the vocal folds formed

A

formed over the superior free edge of the cricothyroid ligament

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21
Q

what are the vocal folds

A

the folds of mucous membrane overlying and incorporating the vocal ligaments and the vocalis part of the thyro-arytenoid muscles

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22
Q

The aperture between the vocal folds is called

A

rima glottidis/glottis

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23
Q

The overall vocal apparatus of the larynx (vocal folds and processes together with the rima glottidis) is called

A

Glottis

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24
Q

what are the intrinsic laryngeal muscles

A

The posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
Transverse arytenoid muscle
Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle

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25
what is the function if the intrinsic laryngeal muscles
they move the laryngeal components altering the length and tension of the vocal folds and the size and shape of the rima glottidis
26
what are the extrinsic laryngeal muscles 
The suprahyoid muscles: digastric stylohyoid geniohyoid mylohyoid
27
what intrinsic laryngeal muscles OPEN the rima glottis
The posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
28
what intrinsic laryngeal muscles CLOSE the rima glottis
Transverse arytenoid muscle Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle
29
what muscles LENGTHEN the vocal folds (tensors)
Cricothyroid muscle
30
what muscles SHORTEN the vocal folds (relaxers)
Thyroarytenoid muscle (vocalis is its upper part)
31
what muscles are responsible for closure of the laryngeal inlet
oblique arytenoid muscle
32
what is the motor nerve supply to the larynx
All intrinsic muscles of the larynx are supplied by the recurrent laryngeal nerve EXCEPT Cricothyroid is supplied by the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve branches of CNX
33
what is the sensory nerve supply to the larynx
ABOVE the vocal folds - internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve  BELOW the vocal folds - recurrent laryngeal nerve branches of CN X
34
functional role of the larynx in swallowing
the epiglottis is involved and swings down to the arytenoids as the laryngeal inlet is narrowed and the larynx is elevated
35
functional role of the larynx in effort closure
Vocal & vestibular folds are adducted  Rima glottidis is closed  Vestibule is also closed
36
role of larynx in breathing
Forced inspiration - vocal ligaments are abducted by contraction of the posterior crico-arytenoid muscles, and this forcefully opens the rima glottidis more widely into what is more like an inverted kite shape.  Quiet respiration - Vocal & vestibular folds are abducted - A triangular “open” rima glottidis - laryngeal muscles are relaxed
37
Larynx - role in speech production 
vocal folds are adducted, and the rima glottidis is closed air is forced through causing vibration this produces tone The tensor and relaxer muscles (cricothyroid, thyroarytenoid, vocalis muscle) within the vocal folds, interact to modify length and tension of the vocal folds, which changes the tone and pitch of voice. 
38
what are the anterior and posterior apertures of the nasal cavity
ANT - nares POST - choanae
39
bones of the external nose
Nasal bones Frontal processes of maxillae
40
cartilage of the external nose
Septal cartilage Major & minor alar cartilages
41
what muscles overly the bones and cartilage of the nose
Nasalis Depressor septi nasi Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
42
what forms the floor of the nasal cavity
hard palate - Palatine process of maxillae (anterior) - Horizontal plate of the palatine bones (posterior)
43
Features of the floor of the nasal cavities include
nares incisive canals/nasopalatine canals nasal crest
44
what are the incisive canals/nasopalatine canals
Connection between the nasal and oral cavities Contains the nasopalatine nerve and greater palatine artery
45
what is the nasal crest
Ridge formed at the connection of paired maxillae and palatine bones Attachment of the vomer of the nasal septum
46
what are the main components of the nasal septum
Septal cartilage Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone Vomer
47
The highest point of the cavity is formed by
cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
48
what passes through the cribriform plate
olfactory nerves
49
the roof of the nasal cavity is formed by
ANT - Nasal bones, Nasal spine of the frontal bone POST - Sphenoid bone
50
what bones form the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
Nasal bone Ethmoid bone (superior & middle conchae, uncinate process) Lacrimal bone Maxilla Inferior concha Palatine bone Sphenoid bone
51
what is significant about the ethmoid bone of the nasal cavity
it has a R and L ethmoidal labyrinth with a single, midline perpendicular plate and cribriform plate ethmoidal labyrinth projects 2 out of 3 conchae into the nasal cavity ( superior, middle)
52
Lateral wall of the nasal cavity has three conchae
superior middle inferior
53
what is the space underneath the conchae called and its significance
meatus - creates various air streams, increasing SA between the lateral wall of the nasal cavity and the respired air
54
innervation of nasal cavity
CN I CN V1- Ant. ethmoidal CN V2 - Ant. superior alveolar nerve (nasal branch). Infraorbital nerve (nasal branch) Nasopalatine nerve Lateral nasal nerves (post. inf & post sup.)
55
Autonomic innervation of nasal cavity -PARASYMPATHETIC
Axons from the salvatory nucleus in brainstem are carried in the greater petrosal nerve of CNVII to the pterygopalatine ganglion (in the fossa) Post-ganglionic axons are carried within branches of the maxillary nerve
56
Autonomic innervation of nasal cavity -SYMPATHETIC
Axons from the sympathetic trunk ascend in the internal carotid plexus and travel to the pterygopalatine ganglion via the deep petrosal nerve Post-ganglionic axons are also carried within branches of the maxillary nerve
57
arterial supply of nasal cavity
ECA : - Maxillary Artery - sphenopalatine , greater palatine (from oral cavity) - Facial Artery - Superior labial, Lateral nasal Internal Carotid/ Ophthalmic Artery: - Anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries
58
venous drainage of the nasal cavity
- maxillary artery --> pterygoid plexus - facial artery --> facial vein - ethmoidal arteries --> ophthalmic vein --> cavernous sinus
59
what are the paranasal sinuses
ethmoidal maxillary frontal sphenoid
60
drainage points at ethmoidal paranasal sinus
- Anterior cells drain into infundibulum in middle meatus - Middle cells drain into middle meatus at the ethmoidal bulla - Posterior cells drain into superior meatus
61
drainage points at maxillary paranasal sinus
Drains into the middle meatus at the semilunar hiatus
62
drainage points at frontal paranasal sinus
Drains into the middle meatus at the infundibulum
63
drainage points at sphenoid paranasal sinus
does NOT drain into lateral wall it drains into sphenoethmoidal recess superiorly and posteriorly in the nasal cavity
64
Where is the opening of the maxillary ostium in the nasal cavity
Semilunar Hiatus
65
What epithelium lines vocal fold
Stratified squamous
66
what are the sinuses that open into the semilunar hiatus
frontal maxillary ethmoid

BDS3 Anatomy (12 decks)

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