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BDS3 Anatomy > Week 2: Anterior Triangle > Flashcards

Week 2: Anterior Triangle Flashcards

1
Q

boundaries of the anterior triangle are?

A

inferior border of mandible
anterior border of SCM
midline neck

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2
Q

roof of anterior triangle

A

deep investing fascia around muscles

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3
Q

floor of anterior triangle is formed by

A

pretracheal fascia
carotid sheath

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4
Q

subdivisions of anterior triangle

A

submental
submandibular
carotid and muscular triangles

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5
Q

suprahyoid muscles are

A

digastric
mylohyoid
geniohyoid
stylohyoid

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6
Q

infrahyoid muscles are

A

sternothyroid
omohyoid
thyrohyoid
sternohyoid

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7
Q

action of suprahyoid muscles

A

elevate the hyoid and larynx

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8
Q

mylohyoid is innervated by?

A

CNV3 inferior alveolar branch

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9
Q

digastric muscle is innervated by?

A

anterior belly - CN V3 (trigeminal) inferior alveolar branch

posterior belly - the digastric branch of the facial nerve (CN VII)

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10
Q

stylohyoid is innervated by?

A

CN VII

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11
Q

geniohyoid is innervated by?

A

anterior ramus of C1, hitchhikes with CNXII (hypoglossal)

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12
Q

actions of infrahyoid muscles (strap)

A

depresses or fixes hyoid bone

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13
Q

superficial infrahyoid muscles are?

A

sternohyoid
omohyoid

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14
Q

deep infrahyoid muscles are

A

thyrohyoid
sternothyroid

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15
Q

sternohyoid, sternothyroid and omohyoid are innervated by?

A

anterior rami of C1-3 through the ansa cervicalis

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16
Q

thyrohyoid innervated by? n

A

anterior rami of C1, runs with CNXII

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17
Q

thyroid gland is composed of and where does it sit?

A

left and right lobe
midline isthmus at 3rd tracheal ring
extends from thyroid cartilage - 5th tracheal ring

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18
Q

arterial supply to thyroid gland

A

superior thyroid artery (1st branchg external CA)

inferior thyroid artery ( branch of thyrocervical trunk from subclavian

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19
Q

venous drainage of thyroid gland

A

superior, middle, (–>IJV)
inferior thyroid vein (–>subclavian)

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20
Q

where are the parathyroid glands + composition

A

2 pairs (inferior, superior)
found on posterior surface of thyroid

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21
Q

thyroid and parathyroid glands nerve supply are?

A

thyroid branches of cervical sympathetic ganglia

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22
Q

what are the 2 types of surgical airway

A

Cricothyrotomy - which goes through the cricothyroid ligament

Tracheostomy - which goes through the trachea.

23
Q

implication of neck surgery and the recurrent laryngeal nerves (from CN X)

A

The right recurrent laryngeal nerve in particular has a close anatomical relationship to the inferior thyroid artery near the inferior pole of thyroid, and it is therefore at risk of injury during surgery in the neck, especially when the artery is being ligated

24
Q

carotid triangle contains

A

thyroid gland,
Larynx
pharynx
carotid sheath (& contents)
branches of cervical plexus
superior root of the ansa cervicalis
deep cervical lymph nodes
(parts of) CN XI & XII

25
where is the carotid sheath
runs from foreman of carotid canal to aortic arch
26
contents of carotid sheath
medially - CCA, ICA, part of ECA laterally- IJV posteriorly - CNX
27
the common carotid artery L and R branches arise from
L - directly from arch of aorta (2nd branch) R - branch from brachiocephalic trunk (1st branch of aorta)
28
what does the carotid SINUS do and where is it?
reacts to changes in blood pressure enlargement at bifurcation of CCA
29
what does the carotid BODY do and where is it?
small organ which houses chemoreceptors located at bifurcation of CCA near the carotid sinus
30
carotid body and sinus are innervated by?
CN IX via carotid sinus nerve & CN X
31
branches of ECA
superior thyroid ascending pharyngeal lingual facial occipital posterior auricular superficial temporal maxillary
32
which are the terminal branches of ECA
superficial temporal maxillary
33
ECA mainly supplies?
structures external to cranium (neck, face, head)
34
IJV drains blood from?
brain anterior face cervical viscera and deep muscles of the neck
35
veins draining into IJV are
Inferior petrosal sinus Pharyngeal Occipital Facial Lingual Superior thyroid Middle thyroid
36
what muscle runs across IJV
omohyoid muscle
37
what does EJV drain?
scalp and face
38
EJV is formed by?
the union of the posterior division of the retromandibular vein with the posterior auricular vein
39
veins draining EJV are?
Posterior external jugular Transverse cervical Suprascapular Anterior jugular
40
where is the EJV?
Begins near the mandibular angle just below or in the parotid gland. Crosses over SCM Pierces investing fascia to enter & drain into subclavian vein
41
where does the AJV arise?
near the hyoid bone formed from the superficial submandibular veins
42
what does AJV drain into
the external jugular vein or the subclavian vein directly
43
what innervates platysma muscle
Cervical branch of CN VII
44
parotid plexus gives rise to what 5 terminal branches of facial nerve
temporal zygomatic buccal marginal mandibular cervical
45
Glossopharyngeal CN IX innervation and course
primarily related to the tongue and pharynx. Leaves through anterior aspect of jugular foramen & travels downward between the IJV & ICA
46
Vagus CN X course
exits the jugular foramen & travels downward within carotid sheath with IJV & CCA (ICA)
47
Spinal accessory CN XI supplies?
SCM trapezius muscles
48
Spinal accessory CN XI course
exits the jugular foramen & travels downward between the IJV & ICA It then crosses the lateral surface of the IJV to descend to the posterior triangle of the neck
49
Hypoglossal Nerve (CNXII) course
passes between the external carotid and jugular vessels and gives off the superior root of the ansa cervicalis and then a branch to the geniohyoid muscle 
50
Transverse cervical nerve (anterior rami C1,2) supplies?
cutaneous innervation over SCM & anterior triangle
51
Cervical plexus (anterior rami C1, C2-4) supply
infrahyoid muscles diaphragm (via phrenic) skin of anterior/lateral neck inferior head
52
the brachial plexus starts and ends at?
C5 to T1
53
brachial plexus branches in the neck
dorsal scapular nerve C5 phrenic suprascapular

BDS3 Anatomy (12 decks)

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