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BDS3 Anatomy > Week 2: Anterior Triangle > Flashcards

Week 2: Anterior Triangle Flashcards

1
Q

boundaries of the anterior triangle are?

A

inferior border of mandible
anterior border of SCM
midline neck

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2
Q

roof of anterior triangle

A

deep investing fascia around muscles

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3
Q

floor of anterior triangle is formed by

A

pretracheal fascia
carotid sheath

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4
Q

subdivisions of anterior triangle

A

submental
submandibular
carotid and muscular triangles

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5
Q

suprahyoid muscles are

A

digastric
mylohyoid
geniohyoid
stylohyoid

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6
Q

infrahyoid muscles are

A

sternothyroid
omohyoid
thyrohyoid
sternohyoid

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7
Q

action of suprahyoid muscles

A

elevate the hyoid and larynx

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8
Q

mylohyoid is innervated by?

A

CNV3 inferior alveolar branch

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9
Q

digastric muscle is innervated by?

A

anterior belly - CN V3 (trigeminal) inferior alveolar branch

posterior belly - the digastric branch of the facial nerve (CN VII)

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10
Q

stylohyoid is innervated by?

A

CN VII

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11
Q

geniohyoid is innervated by?

A

anterior ramus of C1, hitchhikes with CNXII (hypoglossal)

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12
Q

actions of infrahyoid muscles (strap)

A

depresses or fixes hyoid bone

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13
Q

superficial infrahyoid muscles are?

A

sternohyoid
omohyoid

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14
Q

deep infrahyoid muscles are

A

thyrohyoid
sternothyroid

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15
Q

sternohyoid, sternothyroid and omohyoid are innervated by?

A

anterior rami of C1-3 through the ansa cervicalis

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16
Q

thyrohyoid innervated by? n

A

anterior rami of C1, runs with CNXII

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17
Q

thyroid gland is composed of and where does it sit?

A

left and right lobe
midline isthmus at 3rd tracheal ring
extends from thyroid cartilage - 5th tracheal ring

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18
Q

arterial supply to thyroid gland

A

superior thyroid artery (1st branchg external CA)

inferior thyroid artery ( branch of thyrocervical trunk from subclavian

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19
Q

venous drainage of thyroid gland

A

superior, middle, (–>IJV)
inferior thyroid vein (–>subclavian)

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20
Q

where are the parathyroid glands + composition

A

2 pairs (inferior, superior)
found on posterior surface of thyroid

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21
Q

thyroid and parathyroid glands nerve supply are?

A

thyroid branches of cervical sympathetic ganglia

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22
Q

what are the 2 types of surgical airway

A

Cricothyrotomy - which goes through the cricothyroid ligament

Tracheostomy - which goes through the trachea.

23
Q

implication of neck surgery and the recurrent laryngeal nerves (from CN X)

A

The right recurrent laryngeal nerve in particular has a close anatomical relationship to the inferior thyroid artery near the inferior pole of thyroid, and it is therefore at risk of injury during surgery in the neck, especially when the artery is being ligated

24
Q

carotid triangle contains

A

thyroid gland,
Larynx
pharynx
carotid sheath (& contents)
branches of cervical plexus
superior root of the ansa cervicalis
deep cervical lymph nodes
(parts of) CN XI & XII

25
Q

where is the carotid sheath

A

runs from foreman of carotid canal to aortic arch

26
Q

contents of carotid sheath

A

medially - CCA, ICA, part of ECA
laterally- IJV
posteriorly - CNX

27
Q

the common carotid artery L and R branches arise from

A

L - directly from arch of aorta (2nd branch)
R - branch from brachiocephalic trunk (1st branch of aorta)

28
Q

what does the carotid SINUS do and where is it?

A

reacts to changes in blood pressure

enlargement at bifurcation of CCA

29
Q

what does the carotid BODY do and where is it?

A

small organ which houses chemoreceptors located at bifurcation of CCA near the carotid sinus

30
Q

carotid body and sinus are innervated by?

A

CN IX via carotid sinus nerve & CN X

31
Q

branches of ECA

A

superior thyroid
ascending pharyngeal
lingual
facial
occipital
posterior auricular
superficial temporal
maxillary

32
Q

which are the terminal branches of ECA

A

superficial temporal
maxillary

33
Q

ECA mainly supplies?

A

structures external to cranium (neck, face, head)

34
Q

IJV drains blood from?

A

brain
anterior face
cervical viscera
and deep muscles of the neck

35
Q

veins draining into IJV are

A

Inferior petrosal sinus
Pharyngeal
Occipital
Facial
Lingual
Superior thyroid
Middle thyroid

36
Q

what muscle runs across IJV

A

omohyoid muscle

37
Q

what does EJV drain?

A

scalp and face

38
Q

EJV is formed by?

A

the union of the posterior division of the retromandibular vein with the posterior auricular vein

39
Q

veins draining EJV are?

A

Posterior external jugular
Transverse cervical
Suprascapular
Anterior jugular

40
Q

where is the EJV?

A

Begins near the mandibular angle just below or in the parotid gland.
Crosses over SCM
Pierces investing fascia to enter & drain into subclavian vein

41
Q

where does the AJV arise?

A

near the hyoid bone formed from the superficial submandibular veins

42
Q

what does AJV drain into

A

the external jugular vein or the subclavian vein directly

43
Q

what innervates platysma muscle

A

Cervical branch of CN VII

44
Q

parotid plexus gives rise to what 5 terminal branches of facial nerve

A

temporal
zygomatic
buccal
marginal mandibular
cervical

45
Q

Glossopharyngeal CN IX innervation and course

A

primarily related to the tongue and pharynx.

Leaves through anterior aspect of jugular foramen & travels downward between the IJV & ICA

46
Q

Vagus CN X course

A

exits the jugular foramen & travels downward within carotid sheath with IJV & CCA (ICA)

47
Q

Spinal accessory CN XI supplies?

A

SCM
trapezius muscles

48
Q

Spinal accessory CN XI course

A

exits the jugular foramen & travels downward between the IJV & ICA
It then crosses the lateral surface of the IJV to descend to the posterior triangle of the neck

49
Q

Hypoglossal Nerve (CNXII) course

A

passes between the external carotid and jugular vessels and gives off the superior root of the ansa cervicalis and then a branch to the geniohyoid muscle

50
Q

Transverse cervical nerve (anterior rami C1,2) supplies?

A

cutaneous innervation over SCM & anterior triangle

51
Q

Cervical plexus (anterior rami C1, C2-4) supply

A

infrahyoid muscles
diaphragm (via phrenic)
skin of anterior/lateral neck
inferior head

52
Q

the brachial plexus starts and ends at?

A

C5 to T1

53
Q

brachial plexus branches in the neck

A

dorsal scapular nerve
C5 phrenic
suprascapular

BDS3 Anatomy (12 decks)

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