Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DEMS Pt 1 > Week 3 review > Flashcards

Week 3 review Flashcards

1
Q

Acetampinophen overdose

A

centrilobular coagulative necrosis WITHOUT significant inflammatory cell infiltrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hep E in pregnancy

A

Causes increased mortality!!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Findings in Autoimmune Hep

A

Elevated IgG
Anti-smooth muscle Ab
Plasma cell rich interface and centrilobular hepatitis
Female predominance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Findings in alpha-1- antitrypsin deficiency

A

PAS-positive, diastase resistant globules in hepatocytes (misfolded)

Emphysema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Findings in PBC

A 
Elevated IgM
Anti-mitochondria Ab (AMA)
Mostly middle-aged women
Female predominance
Granulomatous lymphocytic cholangitis/ florid duct lesion
Can lead to osteopenia and osteoporosis

Usually itching is first sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Findings in PSC

A

Ulcerative Colitis
Choleangiography with large bile duct strictures
Male predominance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cholangiocarcinoma word associations

A

Tumor of bile ducts
Malignant
Gland-forming tumor with marked desmoplasia
Associated with PSC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hepatocellular carcinoma associations

A 
Tumor of hepatocytes
Malignant
Thickened hepatic plates/trabeculae with unpaired arteries
Almost exclusively pts with cirrhosis 
Hep B
Most common primary malignant tumor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hepatocellular adenoma associations

A 
Tumor of hepatocytes
Benign
Female predominance 
Birth control- reproductive age
Normal hepatic plate thickness with unpaired arteries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hemangioma associations

A

Tumor of blood vessels
Benign
Most common hepatic tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Focal Nodular Hyperplasia associations

A 
Tumor of hepatocytes
Benign
Proliferation/hyperplasia/non-neoplastic
Central scar and malformed blood vessels
Vascular malformation/anomaly etiology
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What’s the big risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma?

A

Barrett esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Definition of esophageal varices

A

tortuous and dilated submucosal blood vesels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Features of steatohepatitis

A

Can be due to alcohol, metabolic syndrome, and drug related liver injury
If due to alcohol, AST is usually twice ALT
Steatosis
Ballooning degeneration
Include Mallory bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Plasma cells in liver think what?

A

Autoimmune hepatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Grade vs stage

A 
Grade= Amount of inflammation and injury
Stage= fibrosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

TIPS and mesocaval shunt

A

TIPS- portal vein to hepatic vein shunt

mesocaval shunt- works to shunt blood from the portal vein to the IVC to circumvent the liver

Decrease pressure in the portal vein system but increase the effects of toxic compounds on the system (would worsen encophalopathy, may shock heart with increased flow to right side of heart, also causes hepatic ischemia due to loss of blood flow)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Lab values of a cholestatic pattern

A

Normal ALT AST, elevated bili and Alk Phos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is ERCP used for?

A

stones in the duct

20
Q

Bactram

A

(trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) is hepatotoxic and usually has cholestatic pattern

21
Q

What slows the progression of fibrosis in PBC?

A

Ursodeoxycholic acid

22
Q

Causes of encephalopathy

A

bleeding, drugs/alcohol, SBP (infection), Renal failure (creatinine level)

23
Q

Which of the viral heps (a-e) have vaccines?

A

A and B

24
Q

Which hep (a-e) is replication incompetent and requires co-infection with another hep virus?

A

D requires co-infection with B

25
Q

What sequesters iron to suppress bacterial overgrowth?

A

lactoferrin

released during cephalic phase of digestion

26
Q

lysozyme

A

pore forming antimicrobial enyzme

released during cephalic phase of digestion

27
Q

Stimulation of pancreatic release of digestive enzymes via the ENS is mediated primarily by what?

A

ACh

28
Q

What causes increased acinar cell secretion and vasodilation of blood vessels surrounding the acini (results in protein rich & fluid/ion rich solution)?

A

Parasympathetic NS

29
Q

What causes increased acinar cell secretion (results in high protein/low fluid solution)

A

Sympathetic NS

30
Q

DEGLUTITION

A

swallowing

31
Q

Protease enzymes

A

Secreted from acinar cells to break down proteins into amino acids

32
Q

Amylase

A

breaks down the α1-4 bond of amylose and amylopectin yielding maltose, maltotriose and glucose

33
Q

What produces bicarbonate solution to liquify and neutralize the chyme in the duodenum that has a low pH?

A

ductal cells

34
Q

secretin

A

Decreased intestinal pH stimulates release of the enzyme secretin which in turn drives bicarbonate release from the pancreas

35
Q

CCK release

A

Fats and amino acids in the intestine compete for the enzyme trypsin allowing for signaling by CCK-RF and monitor peptide to increase the release of CCK from duodenal I cells

36
Q

CCK actions

A

acts back on the pancreas to increase release of digestive enzymes into the duodenal lumen via relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi

This also causes contraction of the gallbladder to facilitate the release of bile acid which aids digestion and absorption of fat

It also has a negative effect on gastric motility and gastric emptying

37
Q

What are primary bile acids are produced in the liver from?

A

cholesterol

38
Q

What are secondary bile acids are formed by?

A

bacteria in the intestine and colon

39
Q

How are bile salts made?

A

Bile acids are complexed with glycine or taurine

40
Q

What breaks down dietary fats?

A

lingual and gastric lipase

41
Q

What hydrolyses trigylcerides into FFAs?

A

pancreatic lipase

42
Q

Na+ absorption

A

Mostly absorbed in the jejunum

often linked with the transport of other dietary components

43
Q

What two ions compete for absorption into enterocytes?

A

Ca2+ and Mg2+

44
Q

TAENIA COLI

A

Muscles that run along the colon but are shorter than it.

45
Q

Semilunar folds

A

allow expansion while supporting the weight of the digesta

46
Q

Haustra

A

small pouch that give the colon its segmented appearance

47
Q

What causes relaxation of the internal anal sphincter

A

intrinsic neuron derived VIP and NO

DEMS Pt 1 (35 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions