Misc Flashcards
Increased cAMP causes diarrhea how?
Increased Cl- secretion into the intestinal lumen
Where do dietary fats first enter the peripheral blood stream?
Junction of jugular and subclavian veins
CCK
Released from “I” cells in response to fats and proteins entering the duodenum
Potentiates the release of secretin while reducing the emptying of chyme from the stomach
Coordinates nutrient delivery in the duodenum to match intestinal capacity
What medical condition increases the risk for developing pigment stones in the gallbladder?
hemolytic anemia
Facts about the more common (perinatal) form of biliary atresia
Affected infants are not jaundiced at birth
Pathology includes progressive destruction of the biliary tree
The etiology remains unknown but may include infection, autoimmune destruction and/or toxin(s)
Histologic findings include cholestasis, bile duct proliferation, and variable inflammation and fibrosis
Peutz-Jeghers polyps
The polyps are hamartomatous
The polyps can occur anywhere along the GI tract
Patients with these polyps are at increased risk of cancer of the pancreas and breast
The polyps are usually pedunculated
What category of OTC laxatives acts via the most physiological mechanism of action and is considered the safest agent for everyday use?
Bulk laxatives (e.g., psyllium seed [Metamucil®])
Necrotizing enterocolitis
Presents with abdominal distension and bloody stools
The terminal ileum absorbs what?
Bile acids
Vit B12
What non-hepatic diagnosis can cause a markedly elevated AST?
Crush injury of muscle, myocardial infarction, hemolysis, thyroid disease
What are causes of extremely high AST/ALT elevations?
MI, Acute viral hepatitis (hepatitis A, B, C, E and herpes), medications leading to hepatic necrosis (e.g. acetaminophen), autoimmune hepatitis, Wilson’s disease, and acute Budd-Chiari syndrome
High alk phosphate
PBC, metastatic cancer to the bone
Fractionate alk phosphate or check GGT to distinguish (abnormal GGT if liver problem)
