Week 3 Pharmacodynamic

Question 1

What does pharmacology define a receptor as

Answer 1

A biologic molecule to which drug binds and produces a measurable response

Question 2

Hydrophobic ligands interact with receptors that are found ?

Answer 2

Cell cerface of families 123

1. Ligand gated ion chanels
2. G protein coupled receptors
3. Enzyme- linked receptors

Question 3

The hydrophobic ligans can enter into the cells through the lipid bilayer to interact with ?

Answer 3

Intracellular receptors

Family 4

Question 4

Function of the ligand gated ion channels

Answer 4

They regulate the flow of ions across the cell membranes

Question 5

Examples of the ligand gated ion channel

Answer 5

Nicotinic receptors and gama aminobutyric acid

Question 6

The alpha receptor in g protein binds to what

Answer 6

Gtp ( guanosine triphosphate)

Question 7

A common effector activated by g and inhibited by gi is

Answer 7

Adenylyl cyclase

Question 8

Adenylyl cyclase produces the second messenger

Answer 8

Camp ( cyclic adenosine monophosphate )

Question 9

Gq activates?

Answer 9

Phospholipase c

Question 10

Phospholipase c generates 2 messengers

Answer 10

Inositol 1,4,5 triphosphate ip3 and diacylglycerol (DAG)

Question 11

The most common enzyme linked receptors is

Answer 11

Rtk ( receptor tyrosine kinase)

Question 12

The active form of kinase are

Answer 12

Autophosphorylate and phosphorylate

Question 13

In the intracellular receptors what are the receptors binding to in order to be transported in the body

Answer 13

Plasma proteins such as albumin

Question 14

What defines the strength of attraction between drugs and its receptors

Answer 14

Affinity

Question 15

Potency of drugs can be compared using ?

Answer 15

EC50 values

Question 16

A smaller EC50 value means?

Answer 16

A strong drug

Question 17

When is a drug a full agonist

Answer 17

If a drug binds to a receptor and produces a maximal biologic response

Question 18

Example of a partial agonist

Answer 18

Aripiprazole

Question 19

Function of inverse agonist

Answer 19

They reverse the activity of receptors and exert the opposite pharmacological effects of agonist

Question 20

A drug that counters the effect of another drug by binding to a different receptor and causing opposing effect is

Answer 20

Physiological antagonism eg
Noradrenaline and nitrate
Glucocorticoid hormones and insulin

Question 21

Pharmacological antagonist

Answer 21

It binds to the same site as the agonist and prevents the binding of the agonist against the receptors
Divided into competitive antagonism and non competitive antagonism

Question 22

Which of the agonist binds covalently to the active site of the receptors

Answer 22

Non competitive

Question 23

Two types of synergysim

Answer 23

Additive = the effect of the drugs sums up
Potantialization
= the effect is greater than the sum of two drugs

Question 24

Drugs can bind to

Answer 24

Enzymes , nuclieic Acids or membrane receptors

Question 25

What chemical bonds are formed from

The interaction of receptors with ligands

Answer 25

Electrostatic and hydrogen bond

Question 26

Steriod hormone exert their action on target cells through

Answer 26

Intracellular receptors

Question 27

What is efficacy

Answer 27

Ivivo potency: max response achieved from a drug

Question 28

What is the measure of safety in drugs

Answer 28

Therapeutic index

Question 29

Example of physiological antagonism

Answer 29

Noradrenaline and nitrate

Glucocorticoids and insulin