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Pharmacology > Week 2 Pharmacokinetics > Flashcards

Week 2 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards

1
Q

What is pharmacokinetics

A

Study of what the body does to the drugs

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2
Q

What is pharmacodynamics

A

Study of what the drugs do to the body

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3
Q

What are the steps in a drugs journal through the body

A

Absorbtion, distribution, metabolism then excretion

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4
Q

During absorption where does the drug enter

A

Plasma

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5
Q

During distribution where does the drug leave to go to

A

Leaves the bloodstream and distribute into the interstitial and intracellular fluid

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6
Q

What part of the body metabolizes

A

Kidney and liver

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7
Q

Water soluble drugs penetrate the cell membrane through?

A

Aqueous channels or pores

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8
Q

What is the function of the carrier protein

A

Facilitate the passage of large molecules

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9
Q

What is facilitated diffusion

A

Movement of a molecule from a region on higher concentration to a lower concentration with the help of a transport molecule

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10
Q

What is active transport

A

Movement from a region on low drug conc to the one of higher conc

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11
Q

What is endocytosis

A

This involves engulfment of the drug molecule by the cell membrane and transport into the cell by pinching off the drug filled vesicles

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12
Q

Exocytosis

A

This is used by cells to secrete many substances by a similar vesicle formation process

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13
Q

Why can uncharged substance be passed easily

A

Because of it’s lipid solubility

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14
Q

What is bioavailability

A

This is the fraction of the administered drugs that gain access to the systemic circulation

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15
Q

What are the factors influencing bioavailability

A

First pass hepatic metabolism
Solubility of the drug
Chemical instability
Nature of the drug formulation

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16
Q

What part of the body is the first pass hepatic metabolism usually associated with

A

Liver

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17
Q

When is a drug bio equivalent

A

When two drugs show similar bioavailability and similar times to achieve peak blood conc

18
Q

What is therapeutic equivalence

A

When two drugs show the same result(efficacy) and safety

19
Q

What kind of plasma does acidic drug bind to

A

Albumin

20
Q

What kind of drugs does basic drugs bind to

A

Lipoproteins and alpha-1 glycoprotein

21
Q

Drugs are mostly eliminated by ?

A

Biotransformation and excretion

22
Q

Metabolism does what

A

Transforms lipophilic drugs into more polar excretable drugs

23
Q

What part of the body does biotransformation take place

A

Kidney and intestines

24
Q

Phase 1 metabolism consist of

A

Reduction
Oxidation
Hydrolysis reaction

25
Q

Drugs that must be metabolized to thier active form are what?

A

Prodrugs

26
Q

The phase 1 reaction of metabolism is catalyzed by ?

A

The cytochrome p450 system

27
Q

Another name for cytochrome p450 system

A

Microsomal mixed function oxidase

28
Q

Function of p450 system

A

Metabolise endogenous drugs and biotransform exogenous substance

29
Q

The most important route for elimination of drug is where?

A

Kidney

30
Q

Renal elimination of a drug

A

Glomerular filtration, proximal tubular secretion and distal tubular reabsorption

31
Q

What elimination kinetic do most drugs in clinical use demonstrate

A

First order kinetics

32
Q

In first order kinetics the rate of elimination of drug is proportional to what

A

The drug concentration

33
Q

What drug shows zero order elimination

A

Ethanol

34
Q

At high toxic concentration what drug shows zero order elimination

A

Phenytoin and aspirin

35
Q

Active transport is driven by what

A

Hydrolysis of atp

36
Q

Which drug is transported through endocytosis

A

Vitamin b12

37
Q

Which neurotransmitter is secreted by exocytosis

A

Norepinephrine

38
Q

other places where the firt pass metabolism can occur

A

Lungs, gastrointestinal tract and vasculature

39
Q

Drug distribution depends on?

A

Blood flow
Capillary permeability
Degree of binding of the drug to plasma and tissue proteins
Hydrophobicity of the drug

40
Q

Function of phase 1 metabolism

A

Convert lipophilic molecules into more polar molecules by introducing a polar functional group like OH or NH2

41
Q

Drugs that increase the synthesis of one or more cyp isozymes are

A

Phenobarbital, rifampin and carbamazepine

Pharmacology (10 decks)

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