Antihypertensive Agents Flashcards
Hypertension
A sustained systolic blood pressure of greater than 140
A sustained diastolic bp of greater than 90
What lowers blood pressure by depleting the sodium body
Diuretics
What lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral resistance and increasing capacitance vessels
Sympathoplegic agents
What Reduces blood pressure by relaxing vascular smooth muscles
Direct vasodilators
Example and function of thiazide diuretics
Hydrochlorithiazide
Lowers blood pressure by increasing sodium and water excretion
Potassium-sparing diuretics are often used combined with
Thiazides
Function of loop diuretics
Increase renal blood flow
Decreases renal vascular resistance
What reduces potassium loss in urine
Spironolactone and eplerenone
The most widely used beta blocers in the treatment of hypertension
Metoprolol and atenolol
What beta 1 selective blockers are metabolized in the liver
Betaxolol and bisoprolol
What beta blockers are partial agonists
Pindol, acebutolol and penbutolol
Which beta 1 blocker is metabolized by red blood cells , has a short half life of 9-10 min and is given through iv
Esmolol
What drugs are used in men with concurrent hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia
Parozosin, teraZosin, doxazosin
What agents are used in the diagnosis and treatment of pheochromocytoma
Phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine
What drugs are used in long- term outpatient therapy of hypertension
Hydralazine and minoxidil
Drugs to treat hypertensive emergencies
Nitroprusside and fenoldopam
What drugs are used in Ischemic heart disease
Nitrates
Drugs used in treating patients with stable angina
Organic nitrates
Beta blockers
Calcium Chanel blockers
Stable angina is relieaved by
Rest and nitroglycerin
Unstable angina requires
Hospital admission to prevent death and myocardial infraction
Symptoms of heart failure
Dyspnea
Fatigue.
Fluid retention
Drugs used for heart failure
Diuretics
Beta blockers
Direct vasodilators
Most commonly encountered adverse drug reactions are
Digitalis toxicity
Types of adverse effects
Cardiac effects
Gastrointestinal effects
Central nervous system effect
Other than digitalis what’s the most commonly used introtopic agent
Dobutamine …. It must be given through iv and it’s a treatment of acute HF
Function of class 1 antiarrythmic drugs
Blocking voltage sensitive sodium channels through the same mechanism as local anesthetics
Function of class 2 ( beta- adrenergic drugs ) anti arrhythmic drugs
Prolong av conduction and decrease heart rate
Treat tachyarrhythmias
Class 3 agents
Block potassium channels and diminish the outward potassium current
Class 4
Calcium channel blockers
