Antihypertensive Agents

Question 1

Hypertension

Answer 1

A sustained systolic blood pressure of greater than 140

A sustained diastolic bp of greater than 90

Question 2

What lowers blood pressure by depleting the sodium body

Answer 2

Diuretics

Question 3

What lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral resistance and increasing capacitance vessels

Answer 3

Sympathoplegic agents

Question 4

What Reduces blood pressure by relaxing vascular smooth muscles

Answer 4

Direct vasodilators

Question 5

Example and function of thiazide diuretics

Answer 5

Hydrochlorithiazide

Lowers blood pressure by increasing sodium and water excretion

Question 6

Potassium-sparing diuretics are often used combined with

Answer 6

Thiazides

Question 7

Function of loop diuretics

Answer 7

Increase renal blood flow

Decreases renal vascular resistance

Question 8

What reduces potassium loss in urine

Answer 8

Spironolactone and eplerenone

Question 9

The most widely used beta blocers in the treatment of hypertension

Answer 9

Metoprolol and atenolol

Question 10

What beta 1 selective blockers are metabolized in the liver

Answer 10

Betaxolol and bisoprolol

Question 11

What beta blockers are partial agonists

Answer 11

Pindol, acebutolol and penbutolol

Question 12

Which beta 1 blocker is metabolized by red blood cells , has a short half life of 9-10 min and is given through iv

Answer 12

Esmolol

Question 13

What drugs are used in men with concurrent hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia

Answer 13

Parozosin, teraZosin, doxazosin

Question 14

What agents are used in the diagnosis and treatment of pheochromocytoma

Answer 14

Phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine

Question 15

What drugs are used in long- term outpatient therapy of hypertension

Answer 15

Hydralazine and minoxidil

Question 16

Drugs to treat hypertensive emergencies

Answer 16

Nitroprusside and fenoldopam

Question 17

What drugs are used in Ischemic heart disease

Answer 17

Nitrates

Question 18

Drugs used in treating patients with stable angina

Answer 18

Organic nitrates
Beta blockers
Calcium Chanel blockers

Question 19

Stable angina is relieaved by

Answer 19

Rest and nitroglycerin

Question 20

Unstable angina requires

Answer 20

Hospital admission to prevent death and myocardial infraction

Question 21

Symptoms of heart failure

Answer 21

Dyspnea
Fatigue.
Fluid retention

Question 22

Drugs used for heart failure

Answer 22

Diuretics
Beta blockers
Direct vasodilators

Question 23

Most commonly encountered adverse drug reactions are

Answer 23

Digitalis toxicity

Question 24

Types of adverse effects

Answer 24

Cardiac effects
Gastrointestinal effects
Central nervous system effect

Question 25

Other than digitalis what’s the most commonly used introtopic agent

Answer 25

Dobutamine …. It must be given through iv and it’s a treatment of acute HF

Question 26

Function of class 1 antiarrythmic drugs

Answer 26

Blocking voltage sensitive sodium channels through the same mechanism as local anesthetics

Question 27

Function of class 2 ( beta- adrenergic drugs ) anti arrhythmic drugs

Answer 27

Prolong av conduction and decrease heart rate

Treat tachyarrhythmias

Question 28

Class 3 agents

Answer 28

Block potassium channels and diminish the outward potassium current

Question 29

Class 4

Answer 29

Calcium channel blockers