Week 3 Peds Flashcards
What is the definition of congenital heart defect?
anatomical abnormalities present at birth
What is the definition of acquired heart disorders?
Disease or abnormalities that occur after birth
What are two examples of congenital heart defects?
- Ventricular septal defect
- Tetralogy of Fallot (4 heart defects )
What 4 heart defects does tetralogy of fallot include?
- VSD
- Rt. Vent. hypertrophy (Lt. side back flow so increased workload)
- Pulmonic stenosis - Pulmonary vein is narrow so less blood leaves - increases Rt. ventricle volume
- Overriding aorta - blood from Rt and Lt vent goes into aorta - deoxy blood systemically
What are 4 typical reasons for acquired heart disorders?
- Infection
- autoimmune responses
- environmental factors
- family tendencies
What are two main symptoms of CHD?
Cyanosis
HF
What are the 3 abnormalities we will see in vitals with CHD?
- tachycardia
- weak peripheral pulses
- decreased BP
What are the 4 signs of lack of perfusion with CHD?
- Anorexia
- Decreased U/O
- sweating
- weakness/fatigue
What are 5 respiratory symptoms of CHD in kids?
- Tachypnea
- Dyspnea
- nasal flaring
- Wheezing
- Grunting
What is a distinguishing sign of CHD in kids regarding fluid overload?
Periorbital peripheral edema
What are the 6 diagnostic tests for CHD in kids?
- Chest xray
- ECG
- ECHO
- stress test
- Cardiac MRI
- angio
If an infant with CHD becomes cyanotic what are the 4 things we can do?
- infant in knee-chest position
- 100% oxygen
- morphine- vasodilation & sedative
- stay calm
What are 3 symptoms of Dig toxicity?
- N&V
- bradycardia
- dysrhythmias
what is a goal of care regarding hemodynamic status with CHD and how?
Remove excess fluid
- diuretics
- fluid restriction (often not infants)
- Na restricted diet
How do we care for a child with CHD?
Dose Calculation
Vital Signs
Monitor Ins & Outs= weigh diaper
Monitor weight
How do we decrease cardiac demands in a child with CHD?
- normal temp
- treat infections
- semi-fowlers
- sedate if irritable (requires more O2)
- restful environment
How do we care for babies nutritional status with CHD?
- feed as soon as they wake up
- frequent shorter feeds - <30 min
- NG if needed (gavage)
- calorie -dense formula d/t high metabolic rate
What 4 things should we teach families about who’s children have CHD?
- medication (signs of toxicity)
- Activity tolerance/rest
- Nutrition (high caloric needs)
- signs of deterioration (what to do)
Tachycardia found in which of the following: -Impaired myocardial function,
-pulmonary congestion
-hypoxemia?
Impaired myocardial function
Tachypnea is found in which of the following: -Impaired myocardial function,
-pulmonary congestion
-hypoxemia?
Pulmonary congestion
Hypoxemia
cool extremities is found in which of the following: -Impaired myocardial function,
-pulmonary congestion
-hypoxemia?
Impaired myocardial function
feeding difficulties is found in which of the following: -Impaired myocardial function,
-pulmonary congestion
-hypoxemia?
Hypoxemia
What are some teaching priorities for Digoxin use with children?
- check levels often
- less K+ in diet
- Give meds regularily & don’t mix with foods cuz they may not eat it all
- Water after and brush teeth becaue it’s a sweet liquid
- Don’t give extra or increase dose if missed (including vomiting)
- If 2 doses are missed, contact doc
- If child is ill - contact doc
What are 3 signs of Dig toxcitiy in children?
- vomiting
- poor feeding
- slow HR
