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NURS 3512 acute & chronic > Week 3 Peds > Flashcards

Week 3 Peds Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of congenital heart defect?

A

anatomical abnormalities present at birth

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2
Q

What is the definition of acquired heart disorders?

A

Disease or abnormalities that occur after birth

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3
Q

What are two examples of congenital heart defects?

A
  1. Ventricular septal defect
  2. Tetralogy of Fallot (4 heart defects )
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4
Q

What 4 heart defects does tetralogy of fallot include?

A
  1. VSD
  2. Rt. Vent. hypertrophy (Lt. side back flow so increased workload)
  3. Pulmonic stenosis - Pulmonary vein is narrow so less blood leaves - increases Rt. ventricle volume
  4. Overriding aorta - blood from Rt and Lt vent goes into aorta - deoxy blood systemically
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5
Q

What are 4 typical reasons for acquired heart disorders?

A
  1. Infection
  2. autoimmune responses
  3. environmental factors
  4. family tendencies
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6
Q

What are two main symptoms of CHD?

A

Cyanosis
HF

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7
Q

What are the 3 abnormalities we will see in vitals with CHD?

A
  1. tachycardia
  2. weak peripheral pulses
  3. decreased BP
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8
Q

What are the 4 signs of lack of perfusion with CHD?

A
  1. Anorexia
  2. Decreased U/O
  3. sweating
  4. weakness/fatigue
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9
Q

What are 5 respiratory symptoms of CHD in kids?

A
  1. Tachypnea
  2. Dyspnea
  3. nasal flaring
  4. Wheezing
  5. Grunting
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10
Q

What is a distinguishing sign of CHD in kids regarding fluid overload?

A

Periorbital peripheral edema

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11
Q

What are the 6 diagnostic tests for CHD in kids?

A
  1. Chest xray
  2. ECG
  3. ECHO
  4. stress test
  5. Cardiac MRI
  6. angio
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12
Q

If an infant with CHD becomes cyanotic what are the 4 things we can do?

A
  1. infant in knee-chest position
  2. 100% oxygen
  3. morphine- vasodilation & sedative
  4. stay calm
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13
Q

What are 3 symptoms of Dig toxicity?

A
  1. N&V
  2. bradycardia
  3. dysrhythmias
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14
Q

what is a goal of care regarding hemodynamic status with CHD and how?

A

Remove excess fluid
- diuretics
- fluid restriction (often not infants)
- Na restricted diet

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15
Q

How do we care for a child with CHD?

A

Dose Calculation
Vital Signs
Monitor Ins & Outs= weigh diaper
Monitor weight

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16
Q

How do we decrease cardiac demands in a child with CHD?

A
  1. normal temp
  2. treat infections
  3. semi-fowlers
  4. sedate if irritable (requires more O2)
  5. restful environment
17
Q

How do we care for babies nutritional status with CHD?

A
  1. feed as soon as they wake up
  2. frequent shorter feeds - <30 min
  3. NG if needed (gavage)
  4. calorie -dense formula d/t high metabolic rate
18
Q

What 4 things should we teach families about who’s children have CHD?

A
  1. medication (signs of toxicity)
  2. Activity tolerance/rest
  3. Nutrition (high caloric needs)
  4. signs of deterioration (what to do)
19
Q

Tachycardia found in which of the following: -Impaired myocardial function,
-pulmonary congestion
-hypoxemia?

A

Impaired myocardial function

20
Q

Tachypnea is found in which of the following: -Impaired myocardial function,
-pulmonary congestion
-hypoxemia?

A

Pulmonary congestion
Hypoxemia

21
Q

cool extremities is found in which of the following: -Impaired myocardial function,
-pulmonary congestion
-hypoxemia?

A

Impaired myocardial function

22
Q

feeding difficulties is found in which of the following: -Impaired myocardial function,
-pulmonary congestion
-hypoxemia?

A

Hypoxemia

23
Q

What are some teaching priorities for Digoxin use with children?

A
  1. check levels often
  2. less K+ in diet
  3. Give meds regularily & don’t mix with foods cuz they may not eat it all
  4. Water after and brush teeth becaue it’s a sweet liquid
  5. Don’t give extra or increase dose if missed (including vomiting)
  6. If 2 doses are missed, contact doc
  7. If child is ill - contact doc
24
Q

What are 3 signs of Dig toxcitiy in children?

A
  1. vomiting
  2. poor feeding
  3. slow HR

NURS 3512 acute & chronic (29 decks)

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