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NURS 3512 acute & chronic > Week 2 COPD > Flashcards

Week 2 COPD Flashcards

1
Q

What is COPD?

A
  1. Airflow limitation : alveoli elasticity lost = emphysema
  2. Airflow obstruction: mucous (bronchitis)
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2
Q

What are 6 risk factors for COPD?

A
  1. Cigarette smoking
  2. Occupational chemicals
  3. Dust recurring infection
  4. Heredity (AAT gene)
  5. Asthma
  6. Aging
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3
Q

What are 5 signs of COPD?

A
  1. Weight loss
  2. Wheezing
  3. Chronic dyspnea
  4. Cough & Sputum
  5. Chest tightness
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4
Q

what is the late stage of COPD called?

A

Cor Pulmonale

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5
Q

COPD symptoms

A
  1. Fatigued easily
  2. Resp infections frequent
  3. accessory muscles
  4. orthopneic (hard to breathe laying down- sit up)
  5. Thin/weight loss
  6. Wheezing
  7. pursed-lip breathing
  8. Chronic cough
  9. Barrel chest
  10. Dyspnea
  11. hard to expire air- prolonged
  12. bronchitis - increased sputum
  13. digital clubbing
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6
Q

what will the ABGs of someone with COPD be like?

A

Hypoxemia - low PAO2
Hypercapnia - high PACO2
HCO3 elevated when chronic

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7
Q

What will the CBC of someone with COPD look like?

A

-WBC increased if infection
- Increased HBG and HCT - polycythemia because body is trying to make more RBC to get more oxygen

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8
Q

What will electrolytes be like for someone with COPD?

A

electrolytes can change due to resp. acidosis

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9
Q

What tests are done to diagnose COPD?

A
  1. Pulmonary Fuction tests
    - vital capacity (VE)
    - residual volume (RD)
    - forced expiratory volume (FEV)
  2. severity is diagnosed by FEV1 - 1 sec of exhalation
  3. Chest xray - hyperinflation & flattened diaphragm
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10
Q

What are the 9 interventions for COPD?

A
  1. stop smoking
  2. Drugs
  3. breathing techniques
  4. O2 thearpy
  5. Nutritional therapy
  6. Hydration therapy
  7. Exercise therapy
  8. pulmonary rehab programs
  9. Surgery (reduction - LVRS)/(transplant)
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11
Q

What is the most effective intervention to help COPD?

A

Stop smoking

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12
Q

What are the 4 drugs used for COPD?

A
  1. SABA - salbutamol (ventolin) rescue - bronchodilator
  2. LABA - Sameterol (Serevent) - bronchodilator
  3. Anticolingergics - Atrovent (Ipatropium brominde ) - brochodilates & decrease mucous
  4. Steroid anti-inflammatory - Hydrocortisone or prednisone
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13
Q

What are 2 advantages of O2 for COPD?

A
  1. reduce work of breathing
  2. reduce workload on the heart b/c PaO2 is maintained
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14
Q

Are weight loss and malnutrition common with COPD? why ?

A

Yes
b/c full stomach makes it hard to breathe
hard to breathe while eating

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15
Q

When eating, how can someone with COPD decrease dyspnea?

A
  1. rest 30 min before eating
  2. brochodilator
  3. prepare food ahead of time - smaller meals
  4. High calorie, high protein foods
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16
Q

How much water should someone with COPD drink?

A

2L/day to help thin secretions

17
Q

What 2 things is COPD exacterbated by?

A

Resp infections
Unhealthy air quality

18
Q

What is a resp rate COPD people experience?

A

40-50 breaths/per min

19
Q

Are people with COPD more prone to virus’ or bacterial infections and why?

A

Bacterial b/c of increases in mucous

20
Q

What are 3 things people with COPD can do to prevent exacerbations besides stop smoking?

A
  1. avoid crowds
  2. get PN and Flu vaccines
  3. stay inside if air quality is poor
21
Q

What are 3 medications that are stepped up when someone has COPD until they are stable?

A
  1. inhaled bronchodilators
  2. antibiotics (if infection)
  3. Oral systemic steroids
22
Q

What are 4 interventions of a COPD exacerbation?

A
  1. meds
  2. oxygen
  3. rest
  4. ventilation and intubation (if needed)
23
Q

What are 3 complications of COPD?

A
  1. cor pulmonale
  2. cardiac dysrhythmias
  3. Depression/anxiety/panic
24
Q

What is Cor Pulmonale?

A

-When air trapping is bad so lung tissue pressure increases and blood vessels narrow making blood flow and perfusion difficult.
- rt side of heart works hard, becomes inefficient, back up to venous system
- distended neck veins & perepheral swelling

25
Q

Why does COPD cause cardiac complication?

A
  1. decreased O2 to the heart muscle = dysrhythmias

NURS 3512 acute & chronic (29 decks)

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