Week 2 gas exchange & peds Flashcards
What gases cause respiratory acidosis ?
CO2 + H2O = carbonic acid (Hypercapnia)
Is Hypercapnic a perfusion issue or a ventilation issue?
ventilation
Is hypoxemia a perfusion or ventilation issue?
Perfusion (oxygenation failure)
Does pneumonia cause a perfusion or ventilation issue and why?
Ventilation.
b/c alveoli are filled with infectious fluid so gas can’t get out.
Does high cervical spine cord injury cause decreased perfusion or ventilation and why?
ventilation b/c muscles used to control the diaphragm are damaged so can’t expand and contract appropriately
What are 4 areas of patient history we should as about regarding Gas exchange?
- Age, environment
- Respiratory history
- Family history and genetic risk
- Current health problems
What are 4 things we should do a part of our physical assessment for gas exchange?
- Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, thorax
- lungs & thorax
- Skin colour, nail bed, weight loss, dyspnea w/walking/talking
- psych assessment
5 interventions for gas exchange
- find underlying cause - fix it
- tripod/semi fowlers position
- Deep breath/cough
- fluids
- O2 & monitor O2
What is RSV?
acute viral infection of bronchioles
What are some special signs of RSV in infants that are important besides regular lack of perfusion signs?
- High RR >60 breaths per minute
- low O2 sats
- Retractions
- decreased urine output
What 2 tests diagnose RSV?
swab
ABG (if severe)
What medications do we NOT give to infants with RSV?
anticholinergics
no steroids
no cough/cold meds
why does asthma happen?
- Inflammatory response to a stimulus
- Edema and mucus secretion
- Smooth muscle spasm of bronchi and bronchioles and
- Re-modeling of the airway tissues
what is a complication of asthma?
status asthmaticus
How do we know a child is well enough to go home after asthma?
Feeding well
RR < 60 (for infants)
02 sats > 88%
No social issues preventing appropriate care at home; adequate supports
What is Otitis media?
inflammation of the middle ear
Fluid buid up
What are the common causes of Otitis Media?
Eustachian tube malfunction
Infection or allergy
Enlarged adenoids
what are signs of Otitis media?
Earache
Fever
Purulent discharge
Infants: fussy, crying
Toddlers: clutching ear while wincing, irritable
Older Children: complaining
