Week 3: Other Structures of Cells

Question 1

barrel shaped organelles located in the cytoplasm; rod-like structures made of short microtubule

Answer 1

centrioles

Question 2

a structure found in eukaryotic cells from which microtubules emerge

Answer 2

microtubule organizing center (MTOC)

Question 3

areas between cells that either allow or prevent the movement of materials

Answer 3

junctions

Question 4

tunnel that exists between cells, “opening” connecting the cytoplasm of two cells

Answer 4

gap junction

Question 5

a cell junction specialized for cell to cell adhesion; connections that hold two cells together

Answer 5

desmosome

Question 6

closely associated areas of two cells; blocks out everything

Answer 6

tight junctions

Question 7

located outside the cell membrane; also acts as a filter, preventing large, potentially damaging molecules from reaching the cell membrane

Answer 7

cell wall

Question 8

this is added after growth has stopped this is added; a thicker, more rigid layer cellulose fibers

Answer 8

secondary cell wall

Question 9

closely related DNA-containing organelles; responsible for photosynthesis

Answer 9

plastids

Question 10

organelles that CONDUCT photosynthesis

Answer 10

chloroplast

Question 11

responsible for pigment synthesis; makes and stores plant pigments

Answer 11

chromoplast

Question 12

organelle found in plant cells that store starch or fat, detect gravity, and modify and store proteins

Answer 12

leucoplast

Question 13

make up the bulk of the plant tissue; least specialized of three basic plant cell types

Answer 13

parenchymal cell

Question 14

composed of elongated living cells, with irregularly thickened primary walls; provides support

Answer 14

collenchymal cells

Question 15

strengthen and support parts of the plant which have completed elongation; the plant’s skeleton

Answer 15

sclerenchymal cells

Question 16

two types of sclerenchymal cells

Answer 16

fibers

sclereids

Question 17

three basic types of plant TISSUES

Answer 17

1. dermal tissue or covering tissue
2. ground tissue or body tissue
3. vascular tissue or conducting tissue

Question 18

one component of cells that is common to all cells; gel-like material between the cell membrane and the nucleus

Answer 18

cytoplasm

Question 19

watery substance that does not contain organelles

Answer 19

cytosol

Question 20

cellular “scaffolding” or skeleton” that crisscrosses the cytoplasm; made up of a network of long, thin protein fibers and has many functions

Answer 20

cytoskeleton

Question 21

hollow cylinders and are the thickest of the cytoskeleton structures

Answer 21

microtubules

Question 22

the protein that forms microtubules

Answer 22

tubulin

Question 23

made of two thin actin chains that are twisted around one another

Answer 23

microfilaments

Question 24

organize the inside structure of the cell by holding organelles and providing strength

Answer 24

intermediate filaments

Question 25

An outer, gelatinous layer, both joins and separates adjacent plant cells

Answer 25

middle lamella

Question 26

the smallest prokaryotic cell has a diameter of only ___

Answer 26

400nm

Question 27

physical boundary between the intracellular space (the inside of the cell) and the extracellular environment

Answer 27

cell membrane

Question 28

uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body

Answer 28

cancer

Question 29

disease that occurs when the cell cycle is no longer regulated

Answer 29

cancer