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General Biology AMA > Week 2: Types of Cells > Flashcards

Week 2: Types of Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

membrane enclosed organelle found in most eukaryotic cells

A

nucleus

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2
Q

largest organelle in the cell and contains most of the cell’s genetic information

A

nucleus

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3
Q

contains the information for the structure and function of the organism

A

genes

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4
Q

short segment of the DNA that contains information to encode an RNA molecule or protein strand

A

gene

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5
Q

“control center” of the cell

A

nucleus

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6
Q

the process by which the information in a gene is “decoded” by various cell molecules to produce a functional gene product, such as a protein molecule or an RNA molecule.

A

gene expression

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7
Q

double membrane of the nucleus that encloses the genetic material

A

nuclear envelope

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8
Q

mainly involved in the assembly of ribosomes

A

nucleolus

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9
Q

organelles made up of protein and ribosomal RNA and they build cellular proteins in the cytoplasm

A

ribosomes

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10
Q

power plants of the cell

A

mitochondria

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11
Q

membrane enclosed organelle that is found in most eukaryotic cells

A

mitochondrion

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12
Q

the cell’s energy source that is used for such things such as movement and cell division

A

adenosine triphosphate

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13
Q

a membrane protein of the mitochondria inner membrane and atp is produced by this enzyme

A

ATP synthase

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14
Q

where most of the cell’s ATP is made

A

matrix

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15
Q

the presence of a mixture of more than one type of mtDNA

A

heteroplasmy

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16
Q

organelle made out of just protein and RNA

A

ribosome

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17
Q

small organelles and are the site of protein synthesis

A

ribosomes

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18
Q

the process of ordering the amino acids in the assembly of a protein

A

translation

19
Q

RNA molecule that catalyze chemical reactions, such as translation

A

ribozymes

20
Q

ribosomes are made up of ribosomal proteins called ____

A

ribonucleoproteins

21
Q

a network of phospholipid membranes that form hollow tubes, flattened sheets, and round sacs

A

endoplasmic reticulum

22
Q

studded with ribosomes which gives it a “rough” sandpaper-like appearance

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum

23
Q

does not have any ribosomes attached to it, so it has a smooth appearance

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

24
Q

series of stacks of membrane, with some extremely important functions

A

golgi apparatus

25
Q

large organelle found in most eukaryotic cells

A

golgi apparatus

26
Q

modifies, sorts, and packages different substances for secretion out of the cell, or for use within the cell

A

the golgi apparatus

27
Q

The golgi apparatus is usually made up of five to eight cup-shaped, membrane covered stacks of discs called ___

A

cisternae

28
Q

group of membranes and organelles in eukaryotic cells that works together to modify, package, and transport lipids and proteins

A

endomembrane system

29
Q

a small, spherical compartment that is separated from the cytosol by at least one lipid bilayer

A

vesicle

30
Q

the process by which a large amount of molecules are released; thus it is a form of bulk transport

A

exocytosis

31
Q

a cellular process in which substances are brought into the cell

A

endocytosis

32
Q

part of the endomembrane system; able to move molecules such as proteins between locations inside the cell

A

transport vesicles

33
Q

vesicles that are formed by the Golgi apparatus; contains powerful enzymes that could break down the cell

A

lysosomes

34
Q

vesicles that use oxygen to break down toxic substances in the cell

A

peroxisomes

35
Q

contain materials that are to be excreted from the cell

A

secretory vesicles

36
Q

membrane-bound organelles that can have secretory, excretory, and storage functions

A

vacuoles

37
Q

two types of cells

A

prokaryotic and eukaryotic

38
Q

microscopic organisms that have neither a membrane-bound nucleus nor membrane-bound organelle

A

prokaryotic

39
Q

microscopic organisms that have neither a membrane-bound nucleus nor membrane-bound organelle

A

prokaryotic

40
Q

reproduction in prokaryotic cells; a process of growth, enlargement, and division

A

binary fission

41
Q

an organism whose cells are organized into complex structures by internal membranes and a cytoskeleton

A

eukaryotic

42
Q

the membrane-enclosed organelle that contains DNA

A

nucleus

43
Q

It normally range between 1-100 um in diameter

A

eukaryotic cells

General Biology AMA (10 decks)

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