Week 2: Types of Cells

Question 1

membrane enclosed organelle found in most eukaryotic cells

Answer 1

nucleus

Question 2

largest organelle in the cell and contains most of the cell’s genetic information

Answer 2

nucleus

Question 3

contains the information for the structure and function of the organism

Answer 3

genes

Question 4

short segment of the DNA that contains information to encode an RNA molecule or protein strand

Answer 4

gene

Question 5

“control center” of the cell

Answer 5

nucleus

Question 6

the process by which the information in a gene is “decoded” by various cell molecules to produce a functional gene product, such as a protein molecule or an RNA molecule.

Answer 6

gene expression

Question 7

double membrane of the nucleus that encloses the genetic material

Answer 7

nuclear envelope

Question 8

mainly involved in the assembly of ribosomes

Answer 8

nucleolus

Question 9

organelles made up of protein and ribosomal RNA and they build cellular proteins in the cytoplasm

Answer 9

ribosomes

Question 10

power plants of the cell

Answer 10

mitochondria

Question 11

membrane enclosed organelle that is found in most eukaryotic cells

Answer 11

mitochondrion

Question 12

the cell’s energy source that is used for such things such as movement and cell division

Answer 12

adenosine triphosphate

Question 13

a membrane protein of the mitochondria inner membrane and atp is produced by this enzyme

Answer 13

ATP synthase

Question 14

where most of the cell’s ATP is made

Answer 14

matrix

Question 15

the presence of a mixture of more than one type of mtDNA

Answer 15

heteroplasmy

Question 16

organelle made out of just protein and RNA

Answer 16

ribosome

Question 17

small organelles and are the site of protein synthesis

Answer 17

ribosomes

Question 18

the process of ordering the amino acids in the assembly of a protein

Answer 18

translation

Question 19

RNA molecule that catalyze chemical reactions, such as translation

Answer 19

ribozymes

Question 20

ribosomes are made up of ribosomal proteins called ____

Answer 20

ribonucleoproteins

Question 21

a network of phospholipid membranes that form hollow tubes, flattened sheets, and round sacs

Answer 21

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 22

studded with ribosomes which gives it a “rough” sandpaper-like appearance

Answer 22

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 23

does not have any ribosomes attached to it, so it has a smooth appearance

Answer 23

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 24

series of stacks of membrane, with some extremely important functions

Answer 24

golgi apparatus

Question 25

large organelle found in most eukaryotic cells

Answer 25

golgi apparatus

Question 26

modifies, sorts, and packages different substances for secretion out of the cell, or for use within the cell

Answer 26

the golgi apparatus

Question 27

The golgi apparatus is usually made up of five to eight cup-shaped, membrane covered stacks of discs called ___

Answer 27

cisternae

Question 28

group of membranes and organelles in eukaryotic cells that works together to modify, package, and transport lipids and proteins

Answer 28

endomembrane system

Question 29

a small, spherical compartment that is separated from the cytosol by at least one lipid bilayer

Answer 29

vesicle

Question 30

the process by which a large amount of molecules are released; thus it is a form of bulk transport

Answer 30

exocytosis

Question 31

a cellular process in which substances are brought into the cell

Answer 31

endocytosis

Question 32

part of the endomembrane system; able to move molecules such as proteins between locations inside the cell

Answer 32

transport vesicles

Question 33

vesicles that are formed by the Golgi apparatus; contains powerful enzymes that could break down the cell

Answer 33

lysosomes

Question 34

vesicles that use oxygen to break down toxic substances in the cell

Answer 34

peroxisomes

Question 35

contain materials that are to be excreted from the cell

Answer 35

secretory vesicles

Question 36

membrane-bound organelles that can have secretory, excretory, and storage functions

Answer 36

vacuoles

Question 37

two types of cells

Answer 37

prokaryotic and eukaryotic

Question 38

microscopic organisms that have neither a membrane-bound nucleus nor membrane-bound organelle

Answer 38

prokaryotic

Question 39

microscopic organisms that have neither a membrane-bound nucleus nor membrane-bound organelle

Answer 39

prokaryotic

Question 40

reproduction in prokaryotic cells; a process of growth, enlargement, and division

Answer 40

binary fission

Question 41

an organism whose cells are organized into complex structures by internal membranes and a cytoskeleton

Answer 41

eukaryotic

Question 42

the membrane-enclosed organelle that contains DNA

Answer 42

nucleus

Question 43

It normally range between 1-100 um in diameter

Answer 43

eukaryotic cells