Week 11: Biological Molecules

Question 1

a molecule that forms the basic unit for polymers, which are the building blocks of proteins

Answer 1

monomers

Question 2

main chemical components of living organisms

Answer 2

organic compounds

Question 3

molecule containing a large number of atoms

Answer 3

macromolecules

Question 4

FOUR MAIN TYPES OF MACROMOLECULES

Answer 4

1. protein
2. carbohydrates
3. lipids
4. nucleic acids

Question 5

most common type of organic compound; organic compound such as starch or sugar, used to store energy; made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Answer 5

cerbohydrate

Question 6

small repeating units of carbohydrates (monomers of sugar)

Answer 6

monosaccharides

Question 7

larger sections of repeating units (polymers of sugar or “many sugars”)

Answer 7

polysaccharides

Question 8

a single, simple 6-carbon ring with the chemical formula C6H12O6, is used for energy by the cells of most organisms, and is a product of photosynthesis

Answer 8

glucose

Question 9

simple sugar found in fruits while glucose generally results from the digestion of other carbohydrates. has the same chemical formula with glucose but have different atom arrangement

Answer 9

fructose

Question 10

second type of simple sugar that results from the bonding of two SINGLE sugars. Example of which are sucrose (table sugar) and lactose (milk of mammals)

Answer 10

dissacharide

Question 11

complex carbohydrates meaning “many sugars”, long carbohydrate molecule of repeated monomer units joined together by glycosidic bonds

Answer 11

polysaccharidde

Question 12

TWO MAIN FUNCTIOSN OF COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES

Answer 12

1. storing energy

2. forming structures of living things

Question 13

type of protein that seed up chemical reactions, known as “biological catalysts”

Answer 13

enzymes

Question 14

proteins that protect you against diseases; protein that identifies pathogens or other substances as being harmful; can destroy pathogens by attaching the cell membrane of the pathogen

Answer 14

antibodies

Question 15

molecules such as fats, oils, and waxes

Answer 15

lipids

Question 16

long chains of nucleotides; organic compound that can carry genetic information

Answer 16

nucleic acids

Question 17

TWO MAIN NUCLEIC ACIDS

Answer 17

1. deoxyribonucleic acid

2. ribonucleic acid

Question 18

lipid molecule with a hydrophilic (“water loving”) head and two hydrophobic (“water-hating”) tails; makes up the cell membrane

Answer 18

PHOSPHOLIPID

Question 19

single stranded nucleic acid involved in protein synthesis

Answer 19

RIBONUCLEIC ACID

Question 20

storage carbohydrate in plants

Answer 20

starch

Question 21

a dehydration reaction in which two molecules combine to form one single molecule, losing a small molecule in the process

Answer 21

CONDENSATION REACTION

Question 22

a saccharide polymer containing a small number (typically two to ten) of monosaccharides

Answer 22

OLIGOSACCHARIDE

Question 23

somtimes referred to as “animal starch”, used for long-term energy storage in animal cells

Answer 23

GLYCOGEN

Question 24

amino acids bond together through peptide bonds to form short chains called peptides or longer chains called polypeptides

Answer 24

PEPTIDE BONDS

Question 25

a covalent bond formed from a condensation reaction between two molecules, causing the release of a molecule of water

Answer 25

PEPTIDE BONDS