Week 1: The Cell (Part 1)

Question 1

Where do cells come from?

Answer 1

All cells come from other cells

Question 2

The cell theory (old) (3)

Answer 2

1. all organisms are mad up of one or more cells
2. all the life functions of an organism occur within cells
3. all cells come from preexisting cells

Question 3

The MODERN version of the cell theory (7)

Answer 3

1. all living things are made up of one or more cells
2. all living cells arise from pre-existing cells by division
3. the cell is a fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms
4. the activity of an organism depends on the total activity of independent cells
5. energy flow occurs within cells (metabolism and biochemistry)
6. cells contain hereditary information (DNA) which is passed from cell to cell during cell division
7. all cells are basically the same in chemical composition in organisms of similar species

Question 4

The ____ is one of the main principles of biology

Answer 4

Cell Theory

Question 5

_______ is a body of thought on the ordinary formation of living organisms without descent from similar organisms

Answer 5

Spontaneous Generation

Question 6

What is spontaneous generation?

Answer 6

body of thought on the ordinary formation of living organisms without descent from similar organisms

Question 7

what is the cell theory?

Answer 7

states that all living things are made up of one or more cells

Question 8

The ___ is the smallest unit of structure and function of all living organisms

Answer 8

cell

Question 9

cells that are composed of just one cell

Answer 9

single-celled (unicellular organisms)

Question 10

cells that are composed of trillion of cells

Answer 10

multicellular organisms

Question 11

Cells are essentially ___, ___, ___, and ___ in a water-based environment

Answer 11

carbohydrates; lipids; protein; nucleic acids

Question 12

field of biology that studies cells

Answer 12

cell biology

Question 13

specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function

Answer 13

organelles

Question 14

field that concerns itself with understanding the interactions between the various systems of a cell; the biological activity and interaction BETWEEN CELLS

Answer 14

molecular biology

Question 15

what was needed to discover the cell?

Answer 15

microscope

Question 16

The word cell is derived from what Latin word?

Answer 16

cellula meaning small compartment

Question 17

The word “cell” was first used by _____

Answer 17

Robert Hooke

Question 18

who discovered blood cells?

Answer 18

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

Question 19

compunds microscopes were invented by ____

Answer 19

Zacharias Jansen

Question 20

an old term for microscopic organisms that included bacteria, protozoans, and very small animals

Answer 20

animalcule

Question 21

_____ was the first person to see living cells

Answer 21

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

Question 22

who named cells?

Answer 22

Robert Hooke

Question 23

“Father of Microscopy”

Answer 23

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

Question 24

What determines a cell’s functions?

Answer 24

the cell’s structure

Question 25

The _____ is central theme running throughout biology

Answer 25

structure-function relationship

Question 26

A cell's shape determines its ____

Answer 26

function

Question 27

The larger a cell gets, the more ___ it is for nutrients and gases to move in and out of the cell

Answer 27

difficult

Question 28

As the cell grows, its ___ increases quickly than its surface area

Answer 28

volume

Question 29

What is the main function of the microvilli?

Answer 29

to increase the cell surface area and the efficiency of absorption

Question 30

An increased surface area to volume ratio means increased exposure to the _____

Answer 30

environment

Question 31

largest known single cell

Answer 31

eggs (ostrich eggs)

Question 32

each cell type has evolved a shape that is best related to its ___

Answer 32

function

Question 33

A ___ cell is more effective in transporting materials, including waste products, than a ___ cell

Answer 33

small; larger

Question 34

what limits the size of a cell?

Answer 34

the cell's surface area and volume ratio

Question 35

two general categories of cells:

Answer 35

1. prokaryotic | 2. eukaryotic

Question 36

four things that all cells have in common:

Answer 36

1. cell membrane 2. cytoplasm 3. ribosomes 4. DNA (genetic information)

Question 37

physical boundary between the intracellular space (the inside of a cell) and the extracellular environment

Answer 37

cell membrane (also called plasma membrane)

Question 38

the "skin" of the cell

Answer 38

cell membrane

Question 39

the cell membrane is ____, allowing only select ions and organic molecules to enter and/or leave the cell

Answer 39

semi permeable

Question 40

general term for all material inside the cell inside the cell

Answer 40

cytoplasm

Question 41

cytoplasm is made up of ____, a watery fluid that contains cytoskeletal fragments

Answer 41

cytosol

Question 42

structures that carry out specific functions inside the cell

Answer 42

organelles

Question 43

organelles on which proteins are made through protein synthesis; function to synthesize proteins

Answer 43

ribosomes

Question 44

the process in which ribosomes in the cytoplasm or endoplasmic reticulum synthesize proteins

Answer 44

translation

Question 45

RNA version of the gene that leaves the cell nucleus and moves to the cytoplasm where proteins are made

Answer 45

mRNA (messenger RNA)

Question 46

molecule in cells that forms part of the protein-synthesizing organelle known as a ribosome and that is exported to the cytoplasm to help translate the information in messenger RNA (mRNA) into protein

Answer 46

rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

Question 47

any proteins that are structurally associated with nucleic acids, either DNA or RNA

Answer 47

ribonucleoprotein

Question 48

All cells have ___

Answer 48

DNA

Question 49

three types of RNA's

Answer 49

``` Messenger RNA's (mRNA) Ribosomal RNAs (rRNA) Transfer RNA (tRNA) ```

Question 50

the belief that living organisms grow directly from decaying organic substances

Answer 50

spontaneous generation

Question 51

cells share the same needs: the need to get ___ from their environment, the nee to ___ to their environment, and the need to ____

Answer 51

energy; respond; reproduce

Question 52

The ____ describe a pattern evident throughout biological systems

Answer 52

structure-function relationship

Question 53

The structure of each human cell depends on what function it will ____

Answer 53

perform

Question 54

the basic working unit of the brain, a specialized cell designed to transmit information to other nerve cells, muscle, or gland cells

Answer 54

neuron

Question 55

____ are the only human cells with flagella

Answer 55

sperm cells

Question 56

A cell's function is usually directed to its structure; this is known as the _____ relationship

Answer 56

structure-function

Question 57

In 1858, the German doctor that observed that cells divide to produce more cells. He proposed that all cells arise only from other cells

Answer 57

Rudolf Virchow

Question 58

They are found in simple and stratified squamous epithelium, and in muscle tissue where they find muscle cells to one another

Answer 58

desmosome

Question 59

He is a British biologist and early microscopes that looked at thin slices of cork under a microscope

Answer 59

Robert Hooke