Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

General Biology AMA > Week 1: The Cell (Part 1) > Flashcards

Week 1: The Cell (Part 1) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Where do cells come from?

A

All cells come from other cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The cell theory (old) (3)

A
  1. all organisms are mad up of one or more cells
  2. all the life functions of an organism occur within cells
  3. all cells come from preexisting cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The MODERN version of the cell theory (7)

A
  1. all living things are made up of one or more cells
  2. all living cells arise from pre-existing cells by division
  3. the cell is a fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms
  4. the activity of an organism depends on the total activity of independent cells
  5. energy flow occurs within cells (metabolism and biochemistry)
  6. cells contain hereditary information (DNA) which is passed from cell to cell during cell division
  7. all cells are basically the same in chemical composition in organisms of similar species
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The ____ is one of the main principles of biology

A

Cell Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

_______ is a body of thought on the ordinary formation of living organisms without descent from similar organisms

A

Spontaneous Generation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is spontaneous generation?

A

body of thought on the ordinary formation of living organisms without descent from similar organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the cell theory?

A

states that all living things are made up of one or more cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The ___ is the smallest unit of structure and function of all living organisms

A

cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

cells that are composed of just one cell

A

single-celled (unicellular organisms)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

cells that are composed of trillion of cells

A

multicellular organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cells are essentially ___, ___, ___, and ___ in a water-based environment

A

carbohydrates; lipids; protein; nucleic acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

field of biology that studies cells

A

cell biology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function

A

organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

field that concerns itself with understanding the interactions between the various systems of a cell; the biological activity and interaction BETWEEN CELLS

A

molecular biology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what was needed to discover the cell?

A

microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The word cell is derived from what Latin word?

A

cellula meaning small compartment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The word “cell” was first used by _____

A

Robert Hooke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

who discovered blood cells?

A

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

compunds microscopes were invented by ____

A

Zacharias Jansen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

an old term for microscopic organisms that included bacteria, protozoans, and very small animals

A

animalcule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

_____ was the first person to see living cells

A

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

who named cells?

A

Robert Hooke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

“Father of Microscopy”

A

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What determines a cell’s functions?

A

the cell’s structure

25
Q

The _____ is central theme running throughout biology

A

structure-function relationship

26
Q

A cell’s shape determines its ____

A

function

27
Q

The larger a cell gets, the more ___ it is for nutrients and gases to move in and out of the cell

A

difficult

28
Q

As the cell grows, its ___ increases quickly than its surface area

A

volume

29
Q

What is the main function of the microvilli?

A

to increase the cell surface area and the efficiency of absorption

30
Q

An increased surface area to volume ratio means increased exposure to the _____

A

environment

31
Q

largest known single cell

A

eggs (ostrich eggs)

32
Q

each cell type has evolved a shape that is best related to its ___

A

function

33
Q

A ___ cell is more effective in transporting materials, including waste products, than a ___ cell

A

small; larger

34
Q

what limits the size of a cell?

A

the cell’s surface area and volume ratio

35
Q

two general categories of cells:

A
  1. prokaryotic

2. eukaryotic

36
Q

four things that all cells have in common:

A
  1. cell membrane
  2. cytoplasm
  3. ribosomes
  4. DNA (genetic information)
37
Q

physical boundary between the intracellular space (the inside of a cell) and the extracellular environment

A

cell membrane (also called plasma membrane)

38
Q

the “skin” of the cell

A

cell membrane

39
Q

the cell membrane is ____, allowing only select ions and organic molecules to enter and/or leave the cell

A

semi permeable

40
Q

general term for all material inside the cell inside the cell

A

cytoplasm

41
Q

cytoplasm is made up of ____, a watery fluid that contains cytoskeletal fragments

A

cytosol

42
Q

structures that carry out specific functions inside the cell

A

organelles

43
Q

organelles on which proteins are made through protein synthesis; function to synthesize proteins

A

ribosomes

44
Q

the process in which ribosomes in the cytoplasm or endoplasmic reticulum synthesize proteins

A

translation

45
Q

RNA version of the gene that leaves the cell nucleus and moves to the cytoplasm where proteins are made

A

mRNA (messenger RNA)

46
Q

molecule in cells that forms part of the protein-synthesizing organelle known as a ribosome and that is exported to the cytoplasm to help translate the information in messenger RNA (mRNA) into protein

A

rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

47
Q

any proteins that are structurally associated with nucleic acids, either DNA or RNA

A

ribonucleoprotein

48
Q

All cells have ___

A

DNA

49
Q

three types of RNA’s

A 
Messenger RNA's (mRNA)
Ribosomal RNAs (rRNA)
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
50
Q

the belief that living organisms grow directly from decaying organic substances

A

spontaneous generation

51
Q

cells share the same needs: the need to get ___ from their environment, the nee to ___ to their environment, and the need to ____

A

energy; respond; reproduce

52
Q

The ____ describe a pattern evident throughout biological systems

A

structure-function relationship

53
Q

The structure of each human cell depends on what function it will ____

A

perform

54
Q

the basic working unit of the brain, a specialized cell designed to transmit information to other nerve cells, muscle, or gland cells

A

neuron

55
Q

____ are the only human cells with flagella

A

sperm cells

56
Q

A cell’s function is usually directed to its structure; this is known as the _____ relationship

A

structure-function

57
Q

In 1858, the German doctor that observed that cells divide to produce more cells. He proposed that all cells arise only from other cells

A

Rudolf Virchow

58
Q

They are found in simple and stratified squamous epithelium, and in muscle tissue where they find muscle cells to one another

A

desmosome

59
Q

He is a British biologist and early microscopes that looked at thin slices of cork under a microscope

A

Robert Hooke

General Biology AMA (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions