Week 3 Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity

Question 1

Adipocytes

Answer 1

Fat storing cells

Question 2

Android obesity

Answer 2

• Apple shape
• Men
• Risk for heart disease, HTN, stroke, diabetes
• 40” waist

Question 3

Gynoid obesity

Answer 3

• Pear shaped
• Women
• 35” waist

Question 4

Adipokines

Answer 4

Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that secretes adipokines

Help regulate: appetite, intake, energy expenditure, insulin secretion, fertility, BP, vascular function, bone metabolism

Question 5

Adiponectin

Answer 5

“Good” adipokine

• Inverse relationship w/ the fat content in the body
• Increase fat content = decreased adiponectin produced

What does it do?

• Enhance cell sensitivity to insulin
• Anti-inflammatory
• Protects against atherosclerosis

Question 6

Leptin

Answer 6

“Good” adipokine

• Increase fat, increases leptin
• Obese pts become leptin resistant
• Leptin normally tells body that body had enough to eat
• Also increases sensitivity to insulin, reduce TG levels, and inhibit fat accumulation

Question 7

Obesity is a risk factor for most diseases such as…

Answer 7

• T2DM, CVD, cancer, HTN, GERD, arthritis, infection disease, sleep apnea

Question 8

Risk factors for obesity

Answer 8

• Excess caloric intake, age, sedentary lifestyle, smoking cessation, genetics, low socioeconomic status, cultural aspects of eating, and secondary disorders (Cushings)

Question 9

Obesity is defined as _______ BMI

Answer 9

> 30 kg/m2

Question 10

How do you find BMI?

Answer 10

kg/m2 OR [pounds/inches2]* 703

Question 11

BMI Categories

Answer 11

Ideal: 18.5-24.9
Overweight: 25-29.9
Obesity: 30-39.9
Severe obesity: >40

Question 12

GI hormones and obesity (increased/decreased)

Answer 12

Ghrelin -> decreased -> stimulates hunger and growth hormone

Glucagon-like peptide1 (GLP-1) -> decreased -> stimulate insulin secretion

Peptide -> decreased -> reduced appetite, inhibits gastric motility

Cholecystokinin (CCK) -> decreased -> increase satiety, slows GE

Question 13

Orlistat

Answer 13

MOA: Binds to gastric and pancreatic enzymes and BLOCKS these enzymes

Indications: Weight loss

SE: BBW: liver injury, oily spotting, flatulence, fecal incontinence

Considerations: Must take multi-vitamin, must take 3 mos to see effect, diet and exercise, BMI >30

Question 14

Metabolic syndrome criteria

Answer 14

Waist circumference -  >40 men, >35 women 
TG -  >150
HDL -  <50 
BP -  >130 SBP or >85 DBP 
FBG -  >110