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Anatomy Block 2 > Week 3/ Lab 3 > Flashcards

Week 3/ Lab 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Sympathetic innervation

A

Preganglionic fibers originate in LOWER THORACIC and UPPER LUMBAR spinal cord segments
- T5-L2

-postganglionic fibers originate from prevertebral ganglion and form plexuses around corresponding arteries and their branches to reach target organs.

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2
Q

Sympathetic general pathway

A
  • leave spinal cord from spinal nerves
  • white rami communicantes
  • through sympathetic trunk NO SYNAPSE
  • through splanchnic nerves(greater, lesser, least, lumbar)
  • terminate in prevertebral ganglion and SYNAPSE with postganglionic neurons
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3
Q

Celiac ganglion

A
  • prevertebral ganglion
  • supplies postganglionic SYMPATHETIC fibers to…
    1. stomach
    2. Duodenum
    3. Pancreas
    4. Liver
    5. Spleen
    6. Gallbladder
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4
Q

Superior mesenteric ganglion

A

-sympathetic fibers to organs associated with superior mesentery artery branches

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5
Q

Inferior mesenteric ganglion

A
  • supplies postganglionic sympathetic fibers to organs associated with inferior mesentery artery branches
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6
Q

Parasympathetic innervation

A
  • Vagas nerve (CN X) and pelvic splanchnic nerves carry preganglionic parasympathetic fibers
  • synapse in walls of target organs
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7
Q

Vagas nerve innervation

A
  • Vagas nerve enters abdomen as anterior(left) and posterior(right) Vagal trunks
  • Vagal trunks join celiac plexus and superior mesenteric plexus
  • synapse with postganglionic neurons in walls of target organs
  • distributed along branches of abdominal aorta
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8
Q

Pelvic splanchnic nerve innervation

A
  • carry preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from spinal cord segments S2-S4
  • fibers enter inferior hypogastric plexus and inferior mesenteric plexus
  • go to target organs associated with inferior mesenteric ganglion
  • synapse with postganglionic neurons in walls of target organs
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9
Q

Name layers of abdomen superficially to deep

A
  1. skin
  2. camper fascia
  3. Scapa fascia
  4. External oblique
  5. Internal oblique
  6. Transversus abdominis
  7. transverslis fascia
  8. extraperitoneal fat
  9. parietal peritoneum
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10
Q

Retroperitoneal space

A
  • between posterior abdominal wall and parietal peritoneum

- from 12th rib to sacrum and iliac crest

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11
Q

Posterior wall of retroperitoneal space

A
  • spine
  • medial-lateral: psoas muscle, quadratus lumborum, and transversus abdominis
  • all muscle layers covered by fascia
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12
Q

In front of the posterior wall of the retroperitoneal space

A
  • fatty connective tissue

- forms a protective bed for retroperitoneal organs

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13
Q

three spaces of retroperitoneal space

A
  • separated by perirenal fascia
    1. Anterior para-renal space: in front and next to
    2. Peri-renal space: all around
    3. Posterior para-renal space: behind and next to
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14
Q

Inferior vena cava and aorta location

A
  • lie directly anterior to the vertebral column and beside each other
  • Aorta on left and IVC on right
  • Aorta path is shorter than IVC because it doesnt hit hatus until T12
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15
Q

Duodenum shape/ retroperitoneal

A
  • C-shaped around the head of the pancreas
  • only 2-4 part are in retroperitoneal due to it curving back
  • head of pancreas is the only part in the retroperitoneal because it is looped in the duodenum
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16
Q

Ureters

A

-from each kidney and run straight down on top of the psoas muscle to the bladder

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17
Q

Colon position

A
  • transverse colon bends anteriorly so it is not in retroperitoneal space
  • splenic and hepatic structures bend transverse horizontally and anteriorly
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18
Q

Kidney position

A
  • high up on posterior abdominal wall on each side of the vertebral column
  • Left kidney is higher than the right because the left lobe of the liver is smaller than the right
  • adjacent to the diaphragm and move up and down with breathing
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19
Q

Diaphragm position

A
  • posterior reflection forms the most superior part of the posterior abdominal wall
  • does not hit vertebrae at 90 degrees, it bends to also create the ceiling of the retroperitoneal space
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20
Q

Diaphragm blood supply

A

1, branches of internal thoracic arteries (pericardiophrenic and musculophrenic)

  1. superior phrenic arteries (arise from thoracic aorta)
  2. lower internal intercostal arteries
21
Q

Diaphragm nerve supply

A
  • phrenic nerve
  • originates C3-C4
  • passes motor information to diaphragm and gets sensory information from it
22
Q

Diaphragm interfaces

A
  1. Caval opening: IVC
  2. Esophageal Hiatus: Esophagus
  3. Aortic Hiatus: Descending Aorta
  4. Gaps for Psoas Major: insertion for psoas muscle (two holes)
23
Q

Blood supply of Posterior abdomen

A 
Aorta: from aortic hiatus and divides to R and L common iliac arteries 
-T12-L4
-Bifucation 
Aorta-->common iliac
Common iliac-->External and internal
24
Q

Branches of the aorta

A
  • 3 anterior visceral branches
  • 3 lateral visceral branches
  • 5 lateral abdominal wall branches
  • 3 terminal branches
25
Q

Anterior visceral branches

A
  • supply organs with blood
  • celiac artery
  • SMA
  • IMA
26
Q

Lateral visceral brancher

A
  • supplies organs with blood
  • Suprarenal arteries
  • renal artery
  • testicular/ovarian artery
27
Q

Lateral abdominal wall branches

A
  • do not supply organs, just structures
  • inferior phrenic artert
  • 4 lumbar arteries
28
Q

terminal branches

A
  • two common iliac arteries

- median sacral artery

29
Q

Inferior vena cava tributaries

A
  • 2 anterior visceral tributaries
  • 3 lateral visceral tributaries
  • 5 lateral abdominal wall tributaries
  • 3 veins of origin
30
Q

Anterior visceral tributaries

A

-2 hepatic veins

31
Q

Lateral visceral tributaries

A
  • right suprarenal vein
  • renal veins
  • right testicular/ovarian vein
32
Q

Lateral abdominal wall tributaries

A
  • inferior phrenic vein

- 4 lumbar veins

33
Q

Veins of origin

A
  • two common iliac veins

- median sacral vein

34
Q

Lymphatics of deep abdomen

A

Above the diaphragm
-drain in thoracic duct
Below the diaphragm
-thoracic duct morphology changes into collection of fused nodes (Cysterna Chyli)
-below cysterna chyli, nodes run and envelop the abdominal aorta (hug)

35
Q

Lumbar plexus

A
  • main nerve supply for lower limbs
  • formed in psoas muscle
  • formed by anterior rami of upper 4 lumbar spinal nerve
36
Q

List Lumbar plexus components superior to inferior

A
  1. iliohypogastric nerve
  2. ilioinguinal nerve
  3. lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
  4. femoral nerve
37
Q

Lumbar plexus composition

A
  • anterior rami receive GRAY rami communicantes from sympathetic trunk
  • upper two give off white rami communicantes to the sympathetic trunk
  • branches of the plexus emerge from the lateral and medial borders of the psoas muscle and its anterior surface
38
Q

Iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves

A
  • L1
  • enter lateral and anterior abdominal walls
  • iliohypogastric: nerves supply to skin and lower anterior abdominal wall
  • ilioinguinal: nerve supply to skin of the groin and scrotum/labium majus
39
Q

Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh

A
  • crosses iliac fossa in front of the iliacus muscle and enters thigh behind lateral end of inguinal ligament
  • supplies nerves to skin over lateral surface of the thigh
40
Q

Femoral nerve

A
  • L2,L3,L4
  • largest branch of lumbar plexus
  • down and laterally between psoas muscle and iliacus muscle
  • enters thigh behind the inguinal ligament and lateral to the femoral vessels/sheath
  • supplies nerves to iliacus muscle
41
Q

Lesser branches of lumbar plexus

A
  • Obturator nerve: innervates inner thigh muscles
  • Genitofemoral nerve: genital branch innervates the cremaster muscle of spermatic cord. femoral branch innervates small area of the inner thigh
42
Q

Sympathetic trunk

A
  • right sympathetic trunk lies behind the right border of the IVC
  • left lies close to the left border of the aorta
43
Q

White rami communicantes

A
  • join first two ganglia to the first two lumbar spinal nerves
  • contains PREGANGLIONIC fibers and afferent sensory fibers that run to organs
  • has not synaped
44
Q

Grat rami communicantes

A
  • join each ganglion to lumbar spinal nerve
  • contains POSTGANGLIONIC nerve fibers
  • fibers are distributed through branches of the spinal nerve to blood vessels, glands, muscles of the skin
  • has synapsed
45
Q

Sympathetic Branches of the abdomen

A
  • fibers pass MEDIALLY to the sympathetic plexuses on the abdominal aorta and its branches
  • receive fibers from splanchnic nerves and the vagas
  • fibers pass DOWNWARD AND MEDIALLY in front of the common iliac vessels into the pelvis
46
Q

Superior hypogastric plexus

A

-large bundle of fibers from sympathetic nerves in front of the aorta and the nerves from in front of the common iliac plexus

47
Q

Aortic Plexus

A

-preganglionic and postganglionic sympathetic fibers
-preganglionic parasympathetic fibers
-visceral afferent fibers
formed around abdominal part of the aorta

48
Q

Aortic plexuses in order from superior to inferior along abdominal aorta

A
  1. celiac plexus
  2. renal plexus
  3. superior mesenteric plexus
  4. inferior mesenteric plexus

Anatomy Block 2 (5 decks)

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