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Anatomy Block 2 > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the three parts of the small intestine

A
  1. Duodenum
  2. Jejunum
  3. Ileum
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2
Q

Internal appearance of the duodenum

A

First part- mucosa is smooth( dilation of the tube after the pyloric sphincter)
Second-fourth part: circular folds from mucosa and submucosa(spiral chyme as it moves down)

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3
Q

Major duodenal papilla

A
  • opening to secrete mucous
  • near head of the pancreas
  • common bile duct and principal pancreatic duct
  • contains opening to hepatopancreatic ampulla
  • longitudinal fold
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4
Q

Minor duodenal papilla

A
  • about an inch superior to the major duodenal papilla
  • donations opening to accessory pancreatic duct
  • pretty insignificant, can be absent and everything else just flow to major duodenal papilla
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5
Q

General about jejunum and ileum

A
  • freely mobile

- attaches to posterior abdominal wall by the mesentery of the small intestine

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6
Q

Number of arcades of the mesentery for j and I

A

J-1-2

I-3 or more

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7
Q

Vasa reacts of the mesentery differences for j and I

A

J-long

I-short

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8
Q

Circular folds for j and I

A

J- large and many

I- small and few

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9
Q

Arcades of the mesentery definition

A

Where intestinal branches anastomose

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10
Q

Horological differences between 3 parts of the small intestine

A

Duodenum- Bruner’s glands: of the submucosa and secrete mucus
Ileum- Peyer’s patches: lymphatic nodules from mucosa(lamina propria) and submucosa. Can contain 10-100
Jejunum-neither

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11
Q

Pancreas exocrine portion

A

-makes up 99% of the pancreatic cells

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12
Q

Acini

A
  • clusters of exocrine cells that produce digestivev enzymes which flow into the GI tract through a network of ducts.
  • cells associated with acinar cells produce sodium bicarbonate which makes the fluid alkaline and helps neutralize the pH from the HCL
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13
Q

Pancreatic juice

A
  • collective secretions from the exocrine cells

- digest carbohydrates, proteins and fats

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14
Q

Hepatopancreatic ampulla

A
  • combination of main pancreatic duct and common bile duct
  • enters the duodenum
  • visible within the duodenum as the major duodenal papilla
  • muscle around it is the hepatopancreatic ampulla sphincter
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15
Q

Accessory pancreatic duct

A
  • smaller than hepatopancreatic ampulla

- enters the dupdenum at the minor duodenal papilla

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16
Q

Path of bile flow

A
  1. Right and left hepatic ducts
  2. common hepatic duct(joined by cystic duct)
  3. common bile duct(joined by pancreatic duct)
  4. hepatopancreatic ampulla
  5. into the duodenum through major duodenal papilla
17
Q

External features of the large intestine

A
  1. teniae coli: 3 longitudinal strips of smooth muscle(mesocolic, free, omental)
  2. Omental appendices: fat pockets off coli
  3. Haustra: pouches made because coli is shorter than large intestine so it shrinks it up
18
Q

Ileal orifice

A
  • located in medial wall of cecum
  • superior and inferior lips form ilrocecal valve(dead people) and ileal papilla(in living)
  • keeps things from coming into the cecum too quickly
19
Q

orifics of the appendix

A

-inferior to the ileal orifice

20
Q

Histology of the large intestine

A

-goblet cells are hella abundant in the large intestine

21
Q

Appendix

A
  • contains large grouping of lymphatic nodules(same structure as peyer’s patches but not called that)
  • located in lamina propria of mucosa and a small amount in submucosa
22
Q

Appendicitis

A
  • appendix can have a variety of positions so location of pain is not always the same
  • starts as mild pain near the umbilicus(sensory fibers for pain are at T10)
  • later pain is worse and is USUALLY located in RLQ at McBurney’s Point
  • normal for nausea and vomit
23
Q

McBurney’s point

A

-1/3 the distance from the anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus

24
Q

Superior mesenteric artery

A
  • Lower than celiac trunk
  • L1
  • unpaired branch of the abdominal aorta
  • supplies blood differently from each branch
25
Q

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

A
  • branch of SMA

- supplies: lower part of pancreas and distal half of duodenum

26
Q

Middle colic artey

A
  • branch of SMA

- Supplies: proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

27
Q

Right colic artery

A
  • branch of SMA

- Supplies: ascending colon and beginning of transverse colon

28
Q

Ileocolic artery

A
  • branch of SMA

- Supplies: terminal ileum, cecum, appendix, and beginning of ascending colon

29
Q

Intestinal/Jejunal and ileal arteries

A
  • branch of SMA
  • forms arterial arcades which give rise to straight arteries that supple intestinal wall
  • theres like 12 of them and they are the only ones that go to the left when they branch
30
Q

Inferior mesenteric artery

A
  • L3
  • unpaired branch of abdominal aorta
  • supplies differently from 3 branches
31
Q

Left Colic artery

A
  • branch of IMA

- Supplies: distal 1/3 of transverse colon and descending colon

32
Q

Sigmod arteries

A
  • branch of IMA

- Supplies: sigmoid colon

33
Q

Superior rectal arteries

A
  • branch of IMA

- Supplies: rectum and upper half of anal canal

34
Q

Name the branches of SMA

A
  1. Inferior pancreaticodeudenal artery
  2. Middle colic artery
  3. right colic artery
  4. ileocolic artery
  5. intestinal/jejunal and ileal arteries
35
Q

Name the branches of IMA

A
  1. Left colic artery
  2. sigmoid arteries
  3. Superior rectal arteries

Anatomy Block 2 (5 decks)

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