Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy Block 2 > Week 2/Lab 2 > Flashcards

Week 2/Lab 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Areas of the stomach

A
  • 2 surfaces/walls(anterior and posterior)
  • 2 borders(lesser and greater curvature)
  • angular notch
  • 2 orifices(cardial and pyloric)
  • cardial notch
  • pyloric sphincter
  • cardia
  • fundus(full of gas)
  • body
  • pyloric part
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Difference between orifice and sphincter

A

orifice: opening
Sphincter: smooth muscle to control opening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Stomach function: storage

A

Rugae

-wrinkly layer due to muscularis mucosa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Stomach function: mixing

A

A semifluid mixture of partly digested food with water and gastric juice to produce CHYME

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Stomach function: physical breakdown

A
  • smooth muscle of muscularis externa and HCL

- peristalsis and churning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Stomach function: chemical breakdown

A

via Pepsin

-breaks down proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Stomach function: controlled release

A

-movement of chyme into the small intestine is regulated by a valve at the end of the stomach(pyloric sphincter)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name gastric glands from superficial to deep

A
  • mucous surface cells
  • mucous neck cells
  • parietal cells
  • chief cells
  • enteroendocrine cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Gastric pits

A
  • inner layer of mucosa

- penetrate deep into the layer forming ducts whose walls are lined with gastric glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Mucous surface cells

A
  • secrete mucous

- protect lining of stomach from HCL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mucous neck cells

A
  • secrete mucous
  • lines upper walls of ducts
  • protect lining of stomach from HCL
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Parietal(oxyntic) cells

A
  • secrete HCL(activates pepsinogen for pepsin)

- Secretes intrinsic factor(helps small intestine with with absorption of vitamin B12)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Chief(zymogenic) cells

A
  • secrete pepsinogen for pepsin

- secrete gastric lipase(enzyme to breakdown fat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Enteroendocrine cells

A

-secrete various hormones that diffuse into nearby blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Gastrin

A
  • enteroendocrine cell
  • stimulates other glands in the stomach to increase their output
  • puts the fire under them
  • g cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Abdominal aorta

A
  • name change at the aortic hiatus
  • ends by dividing into Left and Right common iliac arteries(around L4)
  • Paired and unpaired branches
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Unpaired branches of abdominal aorta

A
  • come off the anterior surface of the aorta
  • celiac trunk
  • superior and inferior mesenteric artery
  • mediaN sacral artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Paired branches of abdominal aorta

A
  • come off lateral side of aorta
  • inferior phrenic arteries
  • middle suprarenal arteries
  • renal arteries
  • Gonadal arteries(ovaries for F and testicular for M)
  • Lumbar arteries(4 pairs)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Celiac trunk

A

-unpaired branch
-central hub for…
Left gastric artery
splenic artery
common hepatic artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Left gastric artery

A
  • smallest branch of celiac trunk
  • supplies esophagus and stomach
  • anastomoses with right gastric artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Splenic artery

A
  • largest branch of celiac trunk
  • wavy
  • relationship to splenorenal ligament
  • supplies to pancreas, stomach, greater somentum and spleen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Common heptaic artery

A
  • branches to the right off of the celiac trunk

- divides into proper hepatic artery and gastroduodenal artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Proper hepatic artery

A
  • branches off common hepatic artery
  • divides into left and right hepatic artery
  • branches inferiorly into right gastric artery
24
Q

Right hepatic artery

A

-supplies gallbladder via cystic artery

25
Q

Right Gastric artery

A
  • branches off proper hepatic artery
  • anastomoses with left gastric artery
  • travels lesser curvature to meet L gastric
26
Q

Gastroduodenal artery

A
  • supplies to pancreas, stomach, greater omentum, and duodenum
  • branches hella for vessels that travel greater curvature
27
Q

Areas of the liver

A
  • 2 surfaces(diaphragmatic-smooth, and visceral-concavities for organs)
  • inferior border(gallbladder pops out)
  • porta hepatis/hilum(entry way into the liver)
  • 4 lobes
28
Q

Porta hepatis/ hilum

A

-contains left and right hepatic ducts, branches of proper hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein

29
Q

Lobes of liver

A
  • right
  • left
  • cuadate(superior, towards the head)
  • quadrate(inferior on right side)
  • functionally and physically split
  • functional H line of coronary ligament, IVC, and hilum
30
Q

formation of Hepatic portal vein

A
  • superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein fuse
  • inferior mesenteric vein drains into splenic vein
  • left and right gastric vein and cystic vein also drain into hepatic portal vein
  • lower 1/3 esophagus to upper 1/2 of anal canal and all unpaired organs except liver drain here
31
Q

Superior mesenteric vein drainage

A

-drains blood from stomach, large intestine, and small intestine

32
Q

Splenic vein drainage

A

-drains blood from stomach, spleen and pancreas

33
Q

Inferior mesenteric vein drainage

A

-drains blood from large intestines and rectum

34
Q

Left and right gastric vein drainage

A

-drains blood from stomach

35
Q

Cystic vein drainage

A

-drains blood from gall bladder

36
Q

Blood circulation of the liver

A

-blood enters INFERIOR surface of the liver through hepatic portal vein and proper hepatic vein
HPV- deoxygenated blood, nutrient rich, contributes 70% of blood
PHA-delivers oxygenated blood, nutrient poor, contributes 30% of blood

37
Q

Sinusoids

A
  • HPV and PHA divide into smaller and smaller branches until the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mix in the liver
  • capillaries that have holes that allow blood to run through
  • specific cells for each tissue
38
Q

Kupffer’s cells

A
  • in sinusoids of the liver
  • “stellate reticuloendothelial cells”
  • phagocytic cells that remove bacteria and other debris from blood
39
Q

Blood circulation out of the liver

A

-after blood is processed in sinusoids in liver, blood flows into HEPATIC VEINS and empties into IVC

40
Q

Inferior vena cava

A
  • returns blood from lower half of the body to the heart
  • formed by union of 2 common iliac veins
  • pierces the diaphragm at T8 and almost immediately terminates into the lower part of the right atrium(doesn’t have hiatus cause actually pierces central tendon)
41
Q

Things that pierce the diahragm

A
  • IVC:T8
  • Esophagus: T10(hiatus)
  • Aorta:T12(hiatus)
42
Q

Bile

A
  • PRODUCED by the liver
  • digestive and excretory function
  • released to duodenum to emulsify fat for more rapid breakdown
  • STORED in gall bladder
  • yellow/brown/green
  • Alkaline to dilute HCL(7.5-8.5 pH)
43
Q

Bile consists of

A
  • bile salts
  • bile pigments
  • phospholipids
  • cholesterol
  • ions
44
Q

Bilirubin

A
  • primary bile pigment
  • broken down in intestine
  • some of it is lost in feces, but much is reabsorbed by small intestine
  • returned to liver via HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN
45
Q

Jaundice

A
  • yellow coloration of SCLERA OF THE EYE, skin, and mucous membrane
  • build up of bilirubin
46
Q

Prehepatic jaundice

A
  • excess production of bilirubin

- before liver

47
Q

Hepatic jaundice

A
  • due to congenital liver diseases

- cirrhosis of the liver of hepatitis

48
Q

Extrahepatic jaundice

A
  • blockage of bile drainage by gallstones or cancer of bowel/pancreas
  • cystic duct is blocked
49
Q

Neonatal(physiological) jaundice

A
  • newborn poorly functioning liver for the first week of living
  • real common
  • expose baby to blue light to convert bilirubin into substrate kidney can excrete
50
Q

Hepatocytes

A
  • liver cells

- produce bile

51
Q

Common hepatic duct

A

-formed by left and right hepatic duct

52
Q

Common bile duct

A

-common hepatic duct and cystic duct

53
Q

Areas of the gall bladder

A
  • fundus: anterior, rounded end
  • Body: middle part
  • neck: narrow and tapered, becomes continuous with cystic duct
54
Q

Areas of Spleen

A
  • 2 surfaces(diaphragmatic and visceral)
  • 2 borders/margins(superior: indentions from ribs and inferior:smooth)
  • 2 poles/extremities: anterior and posterior
  • hilum of spleen
55
Q

Hilum of spleen

A

-among various vessels, splenic artery and vein are most significant
Splenic artery: supplies blood to spleen
Splenic vein: joins superior mesenteric vein to form hepatic portal vein

Anatomy Block 2 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions