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Head and Neck - Anatomy > Week 3 - Eye and Ear > Flashcards

Week 3 - Eye and Ear Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 7 bones which make up the orbit?

A

Frontal, Sphenoid - greater and lesser wing, Temporal, Maxilla, Ethmoid, Lacrimal

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2
Q

What passes through the optic foramen?

A

Optic nerve
Ophthalmic artery

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3
Q

What passes through the superior orbital fissure?

A

Oculomotor nerve - CNIII
Trochlear nerve - CNIV
Abducent nerve - CNVI
Ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve - CNV
Ophthalmic veins

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4
Q

What passes through the inferior orbital fissure?

A

Maxillary division of trigeminal nerve - CNV

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5
Q

What makes the floor of the orbit weak?

A

The inferior orbital groove

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6
Q

What are the main contents of the orbit?

A

Eyeball, extrinsic ocular muscles, ligaments supporting the eye, optic nerve, branches of ophthalmic artery, lacrimal apparatus, eyelids

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7
Q

What is included in the outer fibrous layer of the eyeball?

A

Sclera and Cornea
Is a complete layer - extends all the way through

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8
Q

What is included in the middle vascular layer of the eyeball?

A

Choroid, iris (pupil) and ciliary body
Is incomplete anteriorly

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9
Q

What is included in the inner sensory layer of the eyeball?

A

Optic nerve
Is present posteriorly but anteriorly stops just in front of equator of eye

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10
Q

What separates the eyeball into anterior and posterior segments?

A

Crystalline lens

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11
Q

What is the name given to the watery fluid in anterior segment of eyeball?

A

Aqueous humour

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12
Q

What is the gel in the posterior segment of the eyeball?

A

Vitreous humour

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13
Q

What is the macula of the eyeball?

A

Makes you see small details and focus on what you are looking at
Processes your central vision
Round area at on retina, at the back of the eyeball

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14
Q

What part of the eye produces the aqueous humour?

A

The ciliary body

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15
Q

What are the 3 intrinsic muscles of the eye?

A

Ciliaris, sphincter pupillae and dilator pupillae

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16
Q

Describe the ciliaris

A

Located between anterior body of choroid and iris
Action is accommodation

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17
Q

What is the innervation of the ciliaris?

A

Parasympathetic via CNII - oculomotor nerve

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18
Q

Describe the sphincter pupillae

A

Is located in pupillary border of the iris
Decreases diameter of the pupil

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19
Q

What is the innervation of the sphincter pupillae?

A

Parasympathetic via CNIII - oculomotor nerve

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20
Q

Describe the dilator pupillae

A

Located in mid-periphery of iris
Increases diameter of the pupil

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21
Q

What is the innervation of the dilator pupillae?

A

Sympathetic innervation

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22
Q

What are eye movements controlled by?

A

Extrinsic eye muscles

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23
Q

What are the movements of the eye?

A

Elevation, depression, adduction (lateral) and abduction (medial)
Also intorsion (medial) and extorsion (lateral)

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24
Q

What is the reason for eye movements of intorsion and extorsion?

A

Occur when head is tilted to keep eyes focused on object - eyes rotate opposite to head tilt

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25
Q

What is the extrinsic muscle of the eye which has no action on the eyeball itself?

A

Levator palpebrae superioris

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26
Q

What innervates the levator palpebrae superioris muscle?

A

Oculomotor nerve - CNIII

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27
Q

What are the other 6 extrinsic muscles of the eye?

A

Superior and Inferior oblique
Superior, inferior, lateral and medial rectus

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28
Q

Which extrinsic muscle of the eye is attached to a trochlea?

A

Superior oblique

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29
Q

What is the function of the medial rectus?

A

Adduction

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30
Q

What is the function of the lateral rectus?

A

Abduction

31
Q

What is the function of the superior rectus?

A

Elevation
Adduction with IR
Intorsion

32
Q

What is the function of the inferior rectus?

A

Depression
Adduction with SR
Extorsion

33
Q

What is the function of the superior oblique?

A

Depression
Intorsion - main
Abduction

34
Q

What is the function of the inferior oblique?

A

Elevation
Extorsion
Abduction

35
Q

What is the name of the ligaments which prevent over adduction and abduction?

A

Medial and lateral cheek ligaments

35
Q

What is the function of the suspensory ligament of the eye?

A

Helps in accommodation of the eye

36
Q

What is the branch of ICA which supplies orbit and eye?

A

Ophthalmic artery

37
Q

What foramina of the orbit does the ophthalmic veins pass through?

A

Superior orbital fissure

38
Q

Are there lymphatics in orbit?

A

No

39
Q

Where does the lacrimal gland lie in the orbit?

A

Superolateral

40
Q

What is the innervation of the lacrimal gland?

A

Parasympathetic - facial nerve (CNVII)

41
Q

Into which meatus does the lacrimal sac drain into?

A

Inferior meatus via the nasolacrimal duct

42
Q

What are the structures of the external ear?

A

Helix, antihelix, tragus, antitragus, EAM, and concha

43
Q

What are the structures in the middle ear?

A

Tympanic membrane
Malleus
Incus
Stapes

44
Q

What are the joints between the ossicles?

A

Synovial

45
Q

What ossicle is in contact with the tympanic membrane?

A

Malleus

46
Q

Which ossicle is in contact with the oval window?

A

Stapes

47
Q

What 2 muscles are related to the ossicles?

A

Tensor tympani
Stapedius

48
Q

What is the action of the tensor tympani?

A

Pulls handle of malleus medially and tenses the TM so reduces amplitude of vibrations

49
Q

What is the action of the stapedius muscle?

A

Pulls stapes posteriorly and tilts base in oval window
Reduces oscillatory range

50
Q

What are the 2 areas which the cavity of middle ear communicate with?

A

Inner ear
Pharynx

51
Q

Within which part of the temporal bone do the middle and inner ear lie?

A

Petrous part of the temporal bone

52
Q

What is the bone lined chambers of inner ear called?

A

Bone labyrinth

53
Q

What is inside the bony labyrinth?

A

Lies a series of membranous chambers called membranous labyrinth

54
Q

What fluid lies within the bony labyrinth?

A

Perilymph

55
Q

What fluid lie within the membranous labyrinth?

A

Endolymph

56
Q

What is the function of the cochlea and semi-circular canals?

A

Cochlea - sense of hearing and processes auditory transduction
Semi-circular canals - regulates balance and senses head position

57
Q

What foramen does the facial nerve leave the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Stylomastoid foramen
Leaves through facial canal in internal acoustic meatus

58
Q

What cranial nerves leave through the stylomastoid foramen?

A

Facial nerve
Vestibulocochlear nerve

59
Q

Where is the internal acoustic meatus?

A

On medial wall of the middle ear cavity

60
Q

What branch does the facial nerve give off in middle ear cavity?

A

Chorda tympani nerve

61
Q

What is the function of the chorda tympani nerve?

A

Parasympathetic - efferent fibres for submandibular and sublingual salivary glands - secretomotor
Sensory fibres - sense of taste

62
Q

Where is the terminal group of lymph nodes in the head and neck?

A

Deep cervical lymph nodes

63
Q

Where are the deep cervical lymph nodes?

A

Linked to chain of nodes around he IJV and within fascia of carotid sheath
Chain extends from base of skull to root of neck at the thoracic inlet

64
Q

Where does the deep cervical chain of lymph nodes join with at inferior end?

A

Joins the efferent lymphatic vessels join to form the jugular lymph trunk on each side

65
Q

Where do efferent lymphatics from these jugular lymph trunks drain into?

A

Right - right lymphatic duct
Left - thoracic duct

66
Q

What are the groups of nodes in face and scalp?

A

Parotid, buccal, submandibular, mastoid, and occipital

67
Q

Describe parotid lymph nodes

A

On or in the parotid gland
Drain the scalp around parotid gland, lateral parts of eyelids and middle ear

68
Q

Describe the buccal lymph nodes

A

Over buccinator muscle
Drains the cheek

69
Q

Describe the submental lymph nodes

A

Anteriorly just under mandible
Drains the anterior tongue tip, central part of floor of mouth, and chin

70
Q

Describe the submandibular lymph nodes

A

Below lower border of body of mandible
Drains the front of scalp, nose, lips and air sinuses

71
Q

Describe the mastoid lymph nodes

A

Overlie the mastoid process
Drains the middle region of scalp and EAM

72
Q

Describe the occipital lymph nodes

A

Overlie the occipital process
Drains the back of scalp

73
Q

What are the groups of lymph nodes in the neck?

A

Anterior cervical nodes
Superficial cervical
Retropharyngeal
Laryngeal
Tracheal

Head and Neck - Anatomy (7 decks)

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