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Head and Neck - Anatomy > Week 3 - Eye and Ear > Flashcards

Week 3 - Eye and Ear Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 7 bones which make up the orbit?

A

Frontal, Sphenoid - greater and lesser wing, Temporal, Maxilla, Ethmoid, Lacrimal

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2
Q

What passes through the optic foramen?

A

Optic nerve
Ophthalmic artery

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3
Q

What passes through the superior orbital fissure?

A

Oculomotor nerve - CNIII
Trochlear nerve - CNIV
Abducent nerve - CNVI
Ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve - CNV
Ophthalmic veins

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4
Q

What passes through the inferior orbital fissure?

A

Maxillary division of trigeminal nerve - CNV

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5
Q

What makes the floor of the orbit weak?

A

The inferior orbital groove

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6
Q

What are the main contents of the orbit?

A

Eyeball, extrinsic ocular muscles, ligaments supporting the eye, optic nerve, branches of ophthalmic artery, lacrimal apparatus, eyelids

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7
Q

What is included in the outer fibrous layer of the eyeball?

A

Sclera and Cornea
Is a complete layer - extends all the way through

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8
Q

What is included in the middle vascular layer of the eyeball?

A

Choroid, iris (pupil) and ciliary body
Is incomplete anteriorly

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9
Q

What is included in the inner sensory layer of the eyeball?

A

Optic nerve
Is present posteriorly but anteriorly stops just in front of equator of eye

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10
Q

What separates the eyeball into anterior and posterior segments?

A

Crystalline lens

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11
Q

What is the name given to the watery fluid in anterior segment of eyeball?

A

Aqueous humour

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12
Q

What is the gel in the posterior segment of the eyeball?

A

Vitreous humour

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13
Q

What is the macula of the eyeball?

A

Makes you see small details and focus on what you are looking at
Processes your central vision
Round area at on retina, at the back of the eyeball

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14
Q

What part of the eye produces the aqueous humour?

A

The ciliary body

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15
Q

What are the 3 intrinsic muscles of the eye?

A

Ciliaris, sphincter pupillae and dilator pupillae

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16
Q

Describe the ciliaris

A

Located between anterior body of choroid and iris
Action is accommodation

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17
Q

What is the innervation of the ciliaris?

A

Parasympathetic via CNII - oculomotor nerve

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18
Q

Describe the sphincter pupillae

A

Is located in pupillary border of the iris
Decreases diameter of the pupil

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19
Q

What is the innervation of the sphincter pupillae?

A

Parasympathetic via CNIII - oculomotor nerve

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20
Q

Describe the dilator pupillae

A

Located in mid-periphery of iris
Increases diameter of the pupil

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21
Q

What is the innervation of the dilator pupillae?

A

Sympathetic innervation

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22
Q

What are eye movements controlled by?

A

Extrinsic eye muscles

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23
Q

What are the movements of the eye?

A

Elevation, depression, adduction (lateral) and abduction (medial)
Also intorsion (medial) and extorsion (lateral)

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24
Q

What is the reason for eye movements of intorsion and extorsion?

A

Occur when head is tilted to keep eyes focused on object - eyes rotate opposite to head tilt

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25
What is the extrinsic muscle of the eye which has no action on the eyeball itself?
Levator palpebrae superioris
26
What innervates the levator palpebrae superioris muscle?
Oculomotor nerve - CNIII
27
What are the other 6 extrinsic muscles of the eye?
Superior and Inferior oblique Superior, inferior, lateral and medial rectus
28
Which extrinsic muscle of the eye is attached to a trochlea?
Superior oblique
29
What is the function of the medial rectus?
Adduction
30
What is the function of the lateral rectus?
Abduction
31
What is the function of the superior rectus?
Elevation Adduction with IR Intorsion
32
What is the function of the inferior rectus?
Depression Adduction with SR Extorsion
33
What is the function of the superior oblique?
Depression Intorsion - main Abduction
34
What is the function of the inferior oblique?
Elevation Extorsion Abduction
35
What is the name of the ligaments which prevent over adduction and abduction?
Medial and lateral cheek ligaments
35
What is the function of the suspensory ligament of the eye?
Helps in accommodation of the eye
36
What is the branch of ICA which supplies orbit and eye?
Ophthalmic artery
37
What foramina of the orbit does the ophthalmic veins pass through?
Superior orbital fissure
38
Are there lymphatics in orbit?
No
39
Where does the lacrimal gland lie in the orbit?
Superolateral
40
What is the innervation of the lacrimal gland?
Parasympathetic - facial nerve (CNVII)
41
Into which meatus does the lacrimal sac drain into?
Inferior meatus via the nasolacrimal duct
42
What are the structures of the external ear?
Helix, antihelix, tragus, antitragus, EAM, and concha
43
What are the structures in the middle ear?
Tympanic membrane Malleus Incus Stapes
44
What are the joints between the ossicles?
Synovial
45
What ossicle is in contact with the tympanic membrane?
Malleus
46
Which ossicle is in contact with the oval window?
Stapes
47
What 2 muscles are related to the ossicles?
Tensor tympani Stapedius
48
What is the action of the tensor tympani?
Pulls handle of malleus medially and tenses the TM so reduces amplitude of vibrations
49
What is the action of the stapedius muscle?
Pulls stapes posteriorly and tilts base in oval window Reduces oscillatory range
50
What are the 2 areas which the cavity of middle ear communicate with?
Inner ear Pharynx
51
Within which part of the temporal bone do the middle and inner ear lie?
Petrous part of the temporal bone
52
What is the bone lined chambers of inner ear called?
Bone labyrinth
53
What is inside the bony labyrinth?
Lies a series of membranous chambers called membranous labyrinth
54
What fluid lies within the bony labyrinth?
Perilymph
55
What fluid lie within the membranous labyrinth?
Endolymph
56
What is the function of the cochlea and semi-circular canals?
Cochlea - sense of hearing and processes auditory transduction Semi-circular canals - regulates balance and senses head position
57
What foramen does the facial nerve leave the posterior cranial fossa?
Stylomastoid foramen Leaves through facial canal in internal acoustic meatus
58
What cranial nerves leave through the stylomastoid foramen?
Facial nerve Vestibulocochlear nerve
59
Where is the internal acoustic meatus?
On medial wall of the middle ear cavity
60
What branch does the facial nerve give off in middle ear cavity?
Chorda tympani nerve
61
What is the function of the chorda tympani nerve?
Parasympathetic - efferent fibres for submandibular and sublingual salivary glands - secretomotor Sensory fibres - sense of taste
62
Where is the terminal group of lymph nodes in the head and neck?
Deep cervical lymph nodes
63
Where are the deep cervical lymph nodes?
Linked to chain of nodes around he IJV and within fascia of carotid sheath Chain extends from base of skull to root of neck at the thoracic inlet
64
Where does the deep cervical chain of lymph nodes join with at inferior end?
Joins the efferent lymphatic vessels join to form the jugular lymph trunk on each side
65
Where do efferent lymphatics from these jugular lymph trunks drain into?
Right - right lymphatic duct Left - thoracic duct
66
What are the groups of nodes in face and scalp?
Parotid, buccal, submandibular, mastoid, and occipital
67
Describe parotid lymph nodes
On or in the parotid gland Drain the scalp around parotid gland, lateral parts of eyelids and middle ear
68
Describe the buccal lymph nodes
Over buccinator muscle Drains the cheek
69
Describe the submental lymph nodes
Anteriorly just under mandible Drains the anterior tongue tip, central part of floor of mouth, and chin
70
Describe the submandibular lymph nodes
Below lower border of body of mandible Drains the front of scalp, nose, lips and air sinuses
71
Describe the mastoid lymph nodes
Overlie the mastoid process Drains the middle region of scalp and EAM
72
Describe the occipital lymph nodes
Overlie the occipital process Drains the back of scalp
73
What are the groups of lymph nodes in the neck?
Anterior cervical nodes Superficial cervical Retropharyngeal Laryngeal Tracheal

Head and Neck - Anatomy (7 decks)

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