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Head and Neck - Anatomy > Week 2 - Oral cavity and Oropharynx > Flashcards

Week 2 - Oral cavity and Oropharynx Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the vestibule?

A

Space between lips and cheeks superficially, and teeth and gingivae deeply

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2
Q

What muscle is innervated by facial nerve and lies in lateral wall of oral cavity?

A

Buccinator muscle

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3
Q

What muscle of facial expression causes closing and pursing of lips?

A

Orbicularis Oral - oral sphincter

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4
Q

What is the posterior opening to the oral cavity called?

A

Oropharyngeal

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5
Q

Which 2 bones form the hard palate?

A

Palatine process of maxilla
Horizontal plate of palatine bone

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6
Q

What are the muscles in the soft palate?

A

Tensor veli palatini
Levator veli palatini
Palatoglossus
Palatopharyngeous
Muscularis uvulae

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7
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the soft palate muscles?

A

Tensor veli palatini - medial pterygoid nerve which is branch of mandibular branch
All others are pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve

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8
Q

Where is the oropharynx?

A

Lie behind mouth and tongue
Anterior boundaries are left and right palatoglossal arches and extends to uvula of soft palate above to tip to epiglottis below

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9
Q

What are the important contents of oropharynx?

A

Palatine tonsils on lateral wall of each side

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10
Q

What are the functions of the tongue?

A

Moving food during chewing
Taste
Articulation

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11
Q

What is the foramen caecum?

A

Remnant of the proximal part of embryonic thyroglossal duct from which thyroid gland has developed

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12
Q

What are the surface projections of the mucus membrane of anterior third of tongue called?

A

Papillae
Filiform, Foliate and Vallate

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13
Q

Describe filiform

A

Long, numerous, thread-like
Contain central afferent nerve endings which are sensitive to touch

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14
Q

Describe foliate

A

Small lateral folds in lingual mucosa

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15
Q

Describe vallate

A

Large and flat topped projections

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16
Q

Which projection of the tongue mucosa does not contain taste buds?

A

Filiform type

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17
Q

What are the elevation of dorsal surface of posterior 1/3rd of tongue?

A

Lingual tonsils

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18
Q

What is the fold of the mucous membrane that fixes the tongue to the floor of mouth?

A

Frenulum

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19
Q

What vein can be seen on underneath of tongue?

A

Deep lingual vein

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20
Q

What is the sensory supply of the anterior 2/3 of tongue?

A

Lingual division of trigeminal nerve

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21
Q

What is the nerve which causes taste sensation in anterior 2/3rds of tongue?

A

Chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve

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22
Q

What is the sensory supply of the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

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23
Q

What is the nerve that causes taste sensation of posterior 1/3rd of tongue?

A

Lingual branch of glossopharyngeal nerve

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24
Q

What are the 2 types of muscles of tongue?

A

Intrinsic - originate and insert within the tongue
Extrinsic - attach from tongue to surrounding bone or soft palate

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25
Q

What is the role of extrinsic and intrinsic muscles?

A

Extrinsic - Change position of tongue
Intrinsic - Affects shape and size of the tongue

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26
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus

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27
Q

Describe the genioglossus

A

Arises for mandibular symphysis
Protrudes tongue to opposite side

28
Q

Describe the hyoglossus

A

Attaches to hyoid bone
Depresses tongue and helps shorten tongue

29
Q

Describe the styloglossus

A

Attaches to anterior border of styloid process
Retrudes tongue and curls

30
Q

Describe the palatoglossus

A

Attaches to soft palate
Can elevate posterior tongue or constrict isthmus

31
Q

What is the innervation of the tongue muscles?

A

Hypoglossal nerve innervates all muscles of tongue
Except palatoglossus - vagus nerve

32
Q

What are the 3 paired salivary glands?

A

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

33
Q

What are the 2 parts of the submandibular gland?

A

Superficial (inferior to muscle) and deep (superior to muscle)

34
Q

What muscle separates the superficial and deep parts of submandibular gland?

A

Mylohyoid muscle

35
Q

What artery grooves he under surface of the submandibular gland?

A

Facial artery

36
Q

Where does the submandibular gland open into?

A

Oral cavity via submandibular duct

37
Q

Where do ducts of sublingual gland lie?

A

In floor of mouth between mandible and genioglossus

38
Q

What is the nerve innervation of parotid gland?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

39
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the submandibular gland?

A

Facial nerve

40
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the sublingual gland?

A

Facial nerve

41
Q

Describe the larynx

A

Contains voice box and produces sound
Protective inlet of resp. system
Has supraglottis, glottis and subglottis

42
Q

What does the larynx connect?

A

Mouth and trachea

43
Q

Describe the paired and unpaired cartilages of the larynx

A

Unpaired - Hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage
Paired - arytenoid, cuneiform and corniculate

44
Q

What cartilage does the prominence of Adam’s apple in males sit on?

A

Thyroid cartilage

45
Q

Which cartilage makes a complete ring shape?

A

Cricoid cartilage

46
Q

What are the 2 dense connective tissue membranes between laryngeal cartilages?

A

Thyrohyoid ligament
Cricothyroid cartilage

47
Q

What are the structures of the laryngeal inlet?

A

Epiglottis
Corniculate cartilage
Arytenoid cartilage
Inter-arytenoid fold

48
Q

What 3 parts are the lumen of larynx split into?

A

1 - vestibule or upper part, area between laryngeal inlet and vestibular folds
2- middle part between vestibular folds and true vocal cords
3 - lower part extends from vocal cords to lower border of cricoid cartilage

49
Q

Where does vocal fold and vestibular fold lie compared to each other?

A

Vestibular is more superior than vocal

50
Q

What is the role of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

A

Control movement of vocal fold as well as controlling the diameter of the laryngeal inlet

51
Q

Would would happen if the recurrent laryngeal nerve was transected?

A

Stridor and loss of voice
Obstruction of airway

52
Q

What is the sensory nerve supply to the mucus membrane of the larynx?

A

Superior laryngeal nerve

53
Q

Describe the vocal folds during normal resp., rapid breathing, and speaking

A

Normal - adducted
Rapid - abducted
Speaking - fully abducted

54
Q

What are the 3 parts of the larynx?

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

55
Q

What prevents the bolus entering the nasopharynx?

A

Soft palate

56
Q

What are the 3 layers of the pharynx?

A

Outer muscular layer
Middle fibrous layer
Inner mucous layer

57
Q

What is included in the outer muscular layer?

A

Outer circular layer and Inner longitudinal layer

58
Q

What muscles are in outer circular layer?

A

3 constrictor muscles - superior, middle and inferior
Open in front at entries of nasal, buccal and laryngeal

59
Q

What are the muscles of inner longitudinal lauer?

A

Stylopharyngeous - CN IX
Salpingopharyngeus - CNX
Palatopharyngeaous - CNX

60
Q

What is the pharynx innervation?

A

Pharyngeal plexus
CNX, IX and sympathetic fibres

61
Q

What is the sensory nerve of the pharynx?

A

CNIX - glossopharyngeal

62
Q

What nerve provides most motor innervation of pharynx?

A

Vagus nerve

63
Q

What is the role of the constrictor muscles during swallowing?

A

Propels bolus of food inferiorly to oesophagus

64
Q

What is the role of the longitudinal layer of muscles in swallowing?

A

Elevate the larynx during swallowing
Shorten and widen pharynx

65
Q

What is the purpose of the Weldeyer’s ring?

A

First line defence against microbes that enter body via nasal and oral cavities

66
Q

What lymphatic collection are present in Weldeyer’s ring?

A

Pharyngeal tonsils
Palatine tonsils
Lingual tonsils
Tubal tonsils

Head and Neck - Anatomy (7 decks)

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