Week 1 - Neck

Question 1

What are the 4 compartments of the neck?

Answer 1

Vertebral compartment
Vascular compartment
Visceral compartment
Enclosed in outer musculofascial collar

Question 2

What is the vertebral compartment of the neck?

Answer 2

Cervical vertebrae and postural muscles - pre and postvertebral muscles

Question 3

What is the vascular compartment of the neck?

Answer 3

One on each side
Contains the major blood vessels and vagus nerve

Question 4

What is the visceral compartment of the neck?

Answer 4

Contains thyroid, parathyroid glands, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and oesophagus

Question 5

What are the main parts of a cervical vertebrae?

Answer 5

body, posterior and anterior tubercle, foramen transversum, transverse process, spinous process and vertebral foramen

Question 6

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

Answer 6

7

Question 7

What is the joint present between the occipital condyles and C1?

Answer 7

Atlanto-occipital joint
Synovial ellipsoid joint

Question 8

What type of joint is between C1 and C2 at the odontoid peg?

Answer 8

Atlanto-axial joint
Synovial pivot joint

Question 9

What structures pass through the foramen transversarium?

Answer 9

Vertebral arteries

Question 10

What is the vertebral prominens?

Answer 10

C7 - has long and prominant spinous process

Question 11

What curvature exists in the cervical portion of vertebral column?

Answer 11

Concave posteriorly - lordoses

Question 12

What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 12

Superior - inferior border of the mandible
Posterior - anterior border of SCM
Anterior - median line of neck

Question 13

What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 13

Superior - posterior margin of SCM
Posterior - anterior margin of trapezius
Inferior - middle 1/3 of clavicle

Question 14

Where is the SCM attachments?

Answer 14

Superior - mastoid process
Inferior - manubrium of sternum and superior surface of medial 1/3 of clavicle

Question 15

What would happen if right SCM contracted?

Answer 15

Right side would tilt
Head will turn to left

Question 16

What is the attachments of the trapezius muscle?

Answer 16

Lateral 1/3 of clavicle
Superior crest of spine of scapula
Medial aspect of scapular space

Question 17

What cranial nerve innervates the SCM and trapezius muscle?

Answer 17

Spinal accessory nerve
Found in the posterior triangle of the neck

Question 18

What divides the anterior triangle into 4 triangles?

Answer 18

Omohyoid and digastric muscles

Question 19

What are the 4 triangles of the anterior triangle of neck?

Answer 19

Submental
Submandibular/ digastric
Carotid
Muscular

Question 20

What are the boundaries of the submental triangle?

Answer 20

Hyoid bone inferiorly
Midline of neck
Anterior belly of digastric muscle

Question 21

What are the boundaries of the submandibular triangle?

Answer 21

Inferior body of the mandible
Anterior body of digastric muscle
Posterior belly of digastric muscle

Question 22

What are the boundaries of the carotid triangle?

Answer 22

Posterior belly of digastric muscle
Medial border of SCM
Superior belly of omohyoid muscle

Question 23

What are the boundaries of the muscular triangle?

Answer 23

Hyoid bone
Midline of neck
Superior belly of omohyoid muscle and inferior part of SCM

Question 24

What are the contents of the submental triangle?

Answer 24

Submental lymph nodes which drain floor of mouth and parts of tongue

Question 25

What are the contents of the submandibular triangle?

Answer 25

Facial artery Submandibular gland

Question 26

What are the contents of the carotid triangle?

Answer 26

Contents of neurovascular sheath

Question 27

What are the contents of the muscular triangle?

Answer 27

Strap muscles of the neck Infrahyoid muscles Thyroid and parathyroid glands

Question 28

Which artery is the common carotid a branch of?

Answer 28

Right - brachiocephalic trunk Left - aortic arch

Question 29

Where does the common carotid artery run?

Answer 29

In anterior triangle of neck in carotid sheath

Question 30

What occupies the carotid sheath?

Answer 30

Common carotid artery Internal Jugular vein Vagus nerve

Question 31

At what level does the common carotid artery split into external and internal carotid arteries?

Answer 31

C4

Question 32

Which artery gives off branches in the neck?

Answer 32

External carotid artery

Question 33

Which of the external or internal carotid artery is most lateral?

Answer 33

Internal

Question 34

What is the 2 terminal branched of the external carotid artery?

Answer 34

Superficial temporal and maxillary artery Enters parotid gland

Question 35

Where does the internal jugular vein arise from?

Answer 35

Arises from jugular venous sinus after draining the brain and emerges from jugular foramen

Question 36

What does the external jugular vein drain?

Answer 36

Superficial vein draining the scalp and face

Question 37

Where does the EJV run compared to the SCM?

Answer 37

Superficial

Question 38

What are the parts of the hyoid bone?

Answer 38

Greater and Lesser horns Body

Question 39

Describe the hyoid bone

Answer 39

Not articulated with another bone and is quite easily damaged

Question 40

What sets of muscles are attached to the hyoid bone?

Answer 40

Suprahyoid Infrahyoid Hyoglossus (muscle of tongue) Genioglossus (muscle of pharynx)

Question 41

What are some suprahyoid muscles?

Answer 41

Mylohyoid Stylohyoid Geniohyoid Digastric

Question 42

What is the nerve supply of the mylohyoid?

Answer 42

Branch of inferior alveolar nerve

Question 43

What is the nerve supply for the geniohyoid?

Answer 43

C1 via hypoglossal nerve

Question 44

What is the nerve supply for the digastric muscle?

Answer 44

Anterior belly - alveolar nerve Posterior belly - facial nerve

Question 45

What is the nerve supply of the stylohyoid?

Answer 45

Facial nerve

Question 46

What is the function of the suprahyoid muscles?

Answer 46

Elevates the hyoid bone

Question 47

What are the infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 47

Sternohyoid Sternothyroid Thyrohyoid Omohyoid

Question 48

What is the nerve supply of the infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 48

Sternohyoid, sternothyroid and omohyoid - C1-3 by branch of ansa carvicalis Thyrohyoid -C1

Question 49

What action does infrahyoid muscles have on the hyoid bone?

Answer 49

Depress, retract and steady

Question 50

Describe the cervical plexus

Answer 50

Somatic nerve plexus C1-4 Phrenic nerve emerges from this and travel down through thorax

Question 51

What is the ansa carvicalis?

Answer 51

Loop of nerves formed from C1-3 Gives off 4 muscular branches

Question 52

What are the anatomical parts of the thyroid gland?

Answer 52

Right and left lobes Isthmus Surrounded by thin fibrous capsule

Question 53

At what level does the isthmus lie?

Answer 53

Anterior 2nd and 3rd tracheal rings

Question 54

Describe the blood supply of the thyroid gland

Answer 54

Superior thyroid artery from ECA Inferior thyroid artery - subclavian artery

Question 55

Describe the venous drainage of the thyroid gland

Answer 55

Superior thyroid vein from IJV Middle thyroid vein - IJV Inferior thyroid vein - IJV

Question 56

What are the 2 terminal branches of the ECA?

Answer 56

Superficial temporal Maxillary - middle meningeal artery

Question 57

What are the branches of the ECA?

Answer 57

Superior thyroid Ascending pharyngeal Lingual Facial Occipital Posterior auricular Maxillary Superficial temporal artery

Question 58

Describe the jugular veins

Answer 58

IJV from jugular venous sinuses EJV is superficial EJV more lateral than IJV IJV under SCM