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Head and Neck - Anatomy > Week 1 - Neck > Flashcards

Week 1 - Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 compartments of the neck?

A

Vertebral compartment
Vascular compartment
Visceral compartment
Enclosed in outer musculofascial collar

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2
Q

What is the vertebral compartment of the neck?

A

Cervical vertebrae and postural muscles - pre and postvertebral muscles

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3
Q

What is the vascular compartment of the neck?

A

One on each side
Contains the major blood vessels and vagus nerve

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4
Q

What is the visceral compartment of the neck?

A

Contains thyroid, parathyroid glands, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and oesophagus

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5
Q

What are the main parts of a cervical vertebrae?

A

body, posterior and anterior tubercle, foramen transversum, transverse process, spinous process and vertebral foramen

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6
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7

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7
Q

What is the joint present between the occipital condyles and C1?

A

Atlanto-occipital joint
Synovial ellipsoid joint

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8
Q

What type of joint is between C1 and C2 at the odontoid peg?

A

Atlanto-axial joint
Synovial pivot joint

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9
Q

What structures pass through the foramen transversarium?

A

Vertebral arteries

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10
Q

What is the vertebral prominens?

A

C7 - has long and prominant spinous process

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11
Q

What curvature exists in the cervical portion of vertebral column?

A

Concave posteriorly - lordoses

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12
Q

What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

Superior - inferior border of the mandible
Posterior - anterior border of SCM
Anterior - median line of neck

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13
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

Superior - posterior margin of SCM
Posterior - anterior margin of trapezius
Inferior - middle 1/3 of clavicle

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14
Q

Where is the SCM attachments?

A

Superior - mastoid process
Inferior - manubrium of sternum and superior surface of medial 1/3 of clavicle

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15
Q

What would happen if right SCM contracted?

A

Right side would tilt
Head will turn to left

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16
Q

What is the attachments of the trapezius muscle?

A

Lateral 1/3 of clavicle
Superior crest of spine of scapula
Medial aspect of scapular space

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17
Q

What cranial nerve innervates the SCM and trapezius muscle?

A

Spinal accessory nerve
Found in the posterior triangle of the neck

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18
Q

What divides the anterior triangle into 4 triangles?

A

Omohyoid and digastric muscles

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19
Q

What are the 4 triangles of the anterior triangle of neck?

A

Submental
Submandibular/ digastric
Carotid
Muscular

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20
Q

What are the boundaries of the submental triangle?

A

Hyoid bone inferiorly
Midline of neck
Anterior belly of digastric muscle

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21
Q

What are the boundaries of the submandibular triangle?

A

Inferior body of the mandible
Anterior body of digastric muscle
Posterior belly of digastric muscle

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22
Q

What are the boundaries of the carotid triangle?

A

Posterior belly of digastric muscle
Medial border of SCM
Superior belly of omohyoid muscle

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23
Q

What are the boundaries of the muscular triangle?

A

Hyoid bone
Midline of neck
Superior belly of omohyoid muscle and inferior part of SCM

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24
Q

What are the contents of the submental triangle?

A

Submental lymph nodes which drain floor of mouth and parts of tongue

25
Q

What are the contents of the submandibular triangle?

A

Facial artery
Submandibular gland

26
Q

What are the contents of the carotid triangle?

A

Contents of neurovascular sheath

27
Q

What are the contents of the muscular triangle?

A

Strap muscles of the neck
Infrahyoid muscles
Thyroid and parathyroid glands

28
Q

Which artery is the common carotid a branch of?

A

Right - brachiocephalic trunk
Left - aortic arch

29
Q

Where does the common carotid artery run?

A

In anterior triangle of neck in carotid sheath

30
Q

What occupies the carotid sheath?

A

Common carotid artery
Internal Jugular vein
Vagus nerve

31
Q

At what level does the common carotid artery split into external and internal carotid arteries?

A

C4

32
Q

Which artery gives off branches in the neck?

A

External carotid artery

33
Q

Which of the external or internal carotid artery is most lateral?

A

Internal

34
Q

What is the 2 terminal branched of the external carotid artery?

A

Superficial temporal and maxillary artery
Enters parotid gland

35
Q

Where does the internal jugular vein arise from?

A

Arises from jugular venous sinus after draining the brain and emerges from jugular foramen

36
Q

What does the external jugular vein drain?

A

Superficial vein draining the scalp and face

37
Q

Where does the EJV run compared to the SCM?

A

Superficial

38
Q

What are the parts of the hyoid bone?

A

Greater and Lesser horns
Body

39
Q

Describe the hyoid bone

A

Not articulated with another bone and is quite easily damaged

40
Q

What sets of muscles are attached to the hyoid bone?

A

Suprahyoid
Infrahyoid
Hyoglossus (muscle of tongue)
Genioglossus (muscle of pharynx)

41
Q

What are some suprahyoid muscles?

A

Mylohyoid
Stylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Digastric

42
Q

What is the nerve supply of the mylohyoid?

A

Branch of inferior alveolar nerve

43
Q

What is the nerve supply for the geniohyoid?

A

C1 via hypoglossal nerve

44
Q

What is the nerve supply for the digastric muscle?

A

Anterior belly - alveolar nerve
Posterior belly - facial nerve

45
Q

What is the nerve supply of the stylohyoid?

A

Facial nerve

46
Q

What is the function of the suprahyoid muscles?

A

Elevates the hyoid bone

47
Q

What are the infrahyoid muscles?

A

Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
Omohyoid

48
Q

What is the nerve supply of the infrahyoid muscles?

A

Sternohyoid, sternothyroid and omohyoid - C1-3 by branch of ansa carvicalis
Thyrohyoid -C1

49
Q

What action does infrahyoid muscles have on the hyoid bone?

A

Depress, retract and steady

50
Q

Describe the cervical plexus

A

Somatic nerve plexus
C1-4
Phrenic nerve emerges from this and travel down through thorax

51
Q

What is the ansa carvicalis?

A

Loop of nerves formed from C1-3
Gives off 4 muscular branches

52
Q

What are the anatomical parts of the thyroid gland?

A

Right and left lobes
Isthmus
Surrounded by thin fibrous capsule

53
Q

At what level does the isthmus lie?

A

Anterior 2nd and 3rd tracheal rings

54
Q

Describe the blood supply of the thyroid gland

A

Superior thyroid artery from ECA
Inferior thyroid artery - subclavian artery

55
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the thyroid gland

A

Superior thyroid vein from IJV
Middle thyroid vein - IJV
Inferior thyroid vein - IJV

56
Q

What are the 2 terminal branches of the ECA?

A

Superficial temporal
Maxillary - middle meningeal artery

57
Q

What are the branches of the ECA?

A

Superior thyroid
Ascending pharyngeal
Lingual
Facial
Occipital
Posterior auricular
Maxillary
Superficial temporal artery

58
Q

Describe the jugular veins

A

IJV from jugular venous sinuses
EJV is superficial
EJV more lateral than IJV
IJV under SCM

Head and Neck - Anatomy (7 decks)

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