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Head and Neck - Anatomy > Week 2 - Nasal cavity and Mandible > Flashcards

Week 2 - Nasal cavity and Mandible Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the nose?

A

Traps dirt
Humidification of inspired air
Respiration
Olfaction - smell

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2
Q

What 2 parts is the nose made up of?

A

External nose - bony framework
Nasal cavity - midline nasal septum and continues posteriorly with space of nasopharynx

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3
Q

Describe the palate

A

Forms the floor of the nasal cavity and separates it from the oral cavity
Vault shaped bony palate anteriorly and posteriorly a soft palate between nasopharynx and oro-pharynx

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4
Q

What is the functions of the larynx?

A

Open valve in respiration
Partially closed valve which is modified in phonation
Closed when protecting trachea and bronchial tree during deglutition

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5
Q

What is the function of the pharynx?

A

Common entrance to respiratory and alimentary tracts
Important in swallowing and breathing

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6
Q

What are the 3 portions of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

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7
Q

Where does the oesophagus and trachea begin?

A

C6

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8
Q

Where is the nasion of the nose?

A

Midline bony depression between eyes where 2 nasal bones meet
Nasal bone articulate with frontal bone

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9
Q

Describe the outside of the nose

A

Frontal bone attaches to nasal bones and maxillary
There is septal cartilage and major alar cartilage to make extension

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10
Q

What is number 1?

A

Nasal bone

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11
Q

What is number 2?

A

Lateral process of septal cartilage

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12
Q

What is number 9?

A

Medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone

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13
Q

What is number 4?

A

Maxilla

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14
Q

What is number 5?

A

Lacrimal bone

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15
Q

What is number 6?

A

Superior and Middle conchae

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16
Q

What is number 7?

A

Inferior conchae

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17
Q

What is number 8?

A

Perpendicular plate of palatine bone

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18
Q

What is the roof of the nose formed by?

A

Nasal bones, parts of frontal bone, ethmoid bone - cribriform plate and body of sphenoid bone

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19
Q

What is the floor of nasal cavity made up of?

A

Palatine processes of maxillae and palatine bones which form hard palate
Extends posteriorly to soft palate

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20
Q

What 2 bones form the nasal septum?

A

Vomer bone
Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

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21
Q

What structure lies anterior to bones of nasal septum?

A

Septal cartilage

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22
Q

What passes through the cribriform plate?

A

Olfactory nerves

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23
Q

What attaches to crista galli?

A

Falx Cerebri

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24
Q

What are important parts of the ethmoid bone?

A

Cribriform plates
Crista galli
Central plate
Superior and middle conchae
Ethmoidal air cells

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25
Q

What kind of epithelium forms the respiratory mucosa which lines nasal cavity?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

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26
Q

What is the nasal cavity lined in?

A

Olfactory mucosa

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27
Q

What nerve is responsible for sense of smell and innervates the mucosa?

A

Olfactory nerves - CN1

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28
Q

What plate of bone lying on roof of cranial cavity do axons of olfactory nerves pass through?

A

Cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

29
Q

What is the name given to space above superior conchae?

A

Spheno-ethmoidal recess

30
Q

What are conchae and meatus of the nose?

A

Projections - conchae
Space inferior - meatus
Have superior, middle and inferior of both

31
Q

What bone are superior and middle conchae a part of?

A

Ethmoid bone

32
Q

What is the blood supply of the nose?

A

Rich arterial supply from the ophthalmic artery - ICA
Also branches of ECA

33
Q

What are paranasal air sinuses?

A

Air filled extensions of the respiratory part of nasal cavity in corresponding bones - frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxilla

34
Q

What are the functions of the paranasal air sinuses?

A

Humidify air
Contain cells precipitating in immune system

35
Q

Where does the sphenoid sinus drain into?

A

Spheno-ethmoidal recess

36
Q

What drains into middle meatus?

A

Anterior and middle ethmoidal cells, maxillary and frontal sinuses

37
Q

What drains into superior meatus?

A

Posterior ethmoidal cells

38
Q

What opens into the inferior meatus?

A

nasolacrimal duct from lacrimal sac opens into anterior part of this meatus

39
Q

Which sinus has opening not at most inferior part so can have issues draining?

A

Maxillary

40
Q

Which air sinus is often indented by tooth sockets?

A

Maxillary

41
Q

What nerve innervates the sinuses?

A

Trigeminal - CN V
Frontal - supraorbital
Maxillary - alveolar nerves
Sphenoid - posterior ethmoidal
Ethmoidal - nasociliary nerves

42
Q

What is the function of the nasopharynx?

A

Prevents regurgitation of food through nose

43
Q

What bones form the roof of nasopharynx?

A

Body of sphenoid bone and basilar part of occipital bone

44
Q

What important structures lie in the nasopharynx?

A

Adenoids (nasopharyngeal tonsils)- collection of lymphatic tissue
Eustachian tube - orifice

45
Q

What are the main parts of the mandible?

A

Condylar process (posterior) and Coronoid process (more anterior)
Angle, Mental foramen and mental tubercle
Mandibular foramen
Mental spine

46
Q

How many teeth are in deciduous?

A

8 incisors
4 canines
8 molars

47
Q

How many teeth are perminant?

A

8 incisors
4 canines
8 premolars
12 molars

48
Q

What type of joint is the temporomandibular joint?

A

Synovial hinge joint

49
Q

What 2 articular processes help form the temporomandibular joint?

A

Mandibular fossa of temporal bone
Condylar process of mandible

50
Q

What movements can mandible occur at TMJ?

A

Elevation, retraction, protrusion, depression and side to side movements

51
Q

Describe the muscles of mastication

A

Group of 4 muscles used for chewing which act on the TMJ
Includes the temporalis, masseter, medial and lateral pterygoid

52
Q

What are the bony attachments of the temporalis muscle?

A

Temporal fossa of skull
Coronoid process of mandible

53
Q

What is the function of the temporalis muscle?

A

Anterior fibres help elevate the mandible closing mouth
Posterior retract mandible so jaw moves posteriorly

54
Q

What are the bony attachments of the masseter?

A

Maxillary process of zygomatic bone and zygomatic arch

55
Q

What is the action of the masseter muscle?

A

Elevates mandible

56
Q

Where do the two mastication muscles attach?

A

Lateral pterygoid plate of the skull
Lateral - lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate
Medial - medial surface of lateral plate

57
Q

At which part of the mandible does the medial pterygoid muscle attach?

A

Medial surface of ramus of mandible

58
Q

When 2 lateral pterygoid muscles contract they cause?

A

Protraction of mandible

59
Q

Which muscles cause mandible depression?

A

Suprahyoid muscles and gravity is also a depressor

60
Q

What muscles cause elevation of the mandible?

A

Temporalis
Masseter
Medial pterygoid

61
Q

What muscles cause depression of the mandible?

A

Lateral pterygoid
Suprahyoid
Infrahyoid

62
Q

What muscles cause protrusion of mandible?

A

Lateral and medial pterygoid muscles
Masseter

63
Q

What muscles cause retraction of the mandible?

A

Temporalis
Masseter

64
Q

What muscles cause side to side movements of the mandible?

A

Temporalis of same side
Pterygoids of different side
Masseter

65
Q

What nerve innervates the muscles of mastication?

A

Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve - CNV3
Only branch of trigeminal nerve that carries motor and sensory function

66
Q

Where does the mandibular nerve emerge from cranial cavity?

A

Foramen ovale

67
Q

In which fossa do motor branches of mandibular nerve supply the muscles of mastication?

A

Infratemporal fossa

68
Q

Which branch of mandibular nerve enters the mandibular foramen?

A

Inferior alveolar nerve - sensory innervation

Head and Neck - Anatomy (7 decks)

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