week 3 ; diseases of the digestive system

Question 1

diseases of the digestive system (5)

Answer 1

1. inflammatory
2. genetic/developmental
3. hyperplasia/neoplastic
4. obstruction
5. postmortem conditions

Question 2

inflammatory degenerative (17)

Answer 2

1. gingivitis
2. pharyngitis
3. esophagitis
4. gastritis
5. ulcer
6. enteritis
7. colitis
8. appendicitis
9. hemorrhoids
10. hepatitis
11. cirrhosis
12. cholelithiasis
13. cholecystitis
14. cholangitis
15. pancreatitis
16. peritonitis
17. diverticulitis

Question 3

inflammation of the gums caused by plaque buildup

can progress to tooth socket/avleolar processes

Answer 3

gingivitis

Question 4

inflammation of the throat (sore throat)

Answer 4

pharyngitis

Question 5

inflammation of the esophagus resulting from many causes

Answer 5

esophagitis

Question 6

inflammation of the lining of the stomach caused by excessive alcohol consumption, anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), pernicious anemia, bacteria or autoimmune disorders

Answer 6

gastritis

Question 7

localized area of necrosis in a mucous membrane due to erosion of the lining of the stomach/intestine

Answer 7

ulcer

Question 8

inflammation of the intestine caused by microorganisms, (NSAIDs), cocaine, radiation therapy, autoimmune diseases

Answer 8

enteritis

Question 9

inflammation of the large intestine.
-several types including ulcerative, ischemic, necrotizing, cryptosporidium, ibs, pseudomembranous, cytomegalovirus, crohns disease

Answer 9

colitis

Question 10

inflammation of the appendix which is attached to the lower, right portion of the cecum which can rupture and cause fatal infection (peritonitis) in the abdomen

Answer 10

appendicitis

Question 11

inflammation of the veins around the lower rectum/anus which can result from pregnancy, straining during defeaction, anal intercourse or excessive cleaning/rubbing

Answer 11

hemorrhoids

Question 12

inflammation (acute/chronic) of the liver than can cause progressive liver damage, liver failure or cancer
common types A-B-C

Answer 12

hepatitis

Question 13

5 types of viral hepatitis

Answer 13

Hep A HAV)- found in feces of infected people
Hep B (HBV) - Spread through infected body fluids
Hep C (HCV)- most serious and spreads through blood; virus lives in liver and wants to multiple
Hep D (HDV) - only contracted if you already have HBV
Hep E (HEV) - transmitted via food or water

Question 14

chronic, degenerative liver disorder often caused by excessive alcohol consumption which causes fatty/cellular degeneration and hardening of the liver

Answer 14

cirrhosis

Question 15

*nflammation of the gallbladder caused by formation of gallstones (cholesterol)

Answer 15

cholelithiasis

Question 16

*inflammation of the bile duct

Answer 16

cholecystitis

Question 17

*acute infection of the bile duct due to blockage

Answer 17

cholangitis

Question 18

inflammatory process in which the pancreas is digested by its own enzymes (autolysis) and can become hemorrhagic/necrotizing (fatal)

Answer 18

pancreatitis

Question 19

inflammation of the peritoneum

• primary form is due to cirrhosis and fluid in the abdomen
• secondary form is due to infection caused by organ rupture

Answer 19

peritonitis

Question 20

inflammation or infection of small pouches called diverticula that develop along the walls of the intestines.
-the formation of the pouches themselves is a relatively benign condition `

Answer 20

diverticulitis

Question 21

genetic/developmental (3)

Answer 21

1. pyloric stenosis
2. malformation
3. hernia

Question 22

accumulated scar tissue formed in the pyloric region of stomach that narrows the opening (pyloric sphincter) into the duodenum

Answer 22

pyloric stenosis

Question 23

congenital defects of the GI system usually involve atresia (absence or abnormal narrowing of an opening or passage) and results in blockages

Answer 23

malformation

Question 24

abnormal protrusion of an organ through the wall of the cavity in which the organ is contained

Answer 24

hernia

Question 25

Hyperplasis/neopplastic (3)

Answer 25

1. gastric cancer 2. polyps 3. colorectal cancer

Question 26

cancer of the stomach

Answer 26

gastric cancer

Question 27

tumors of the vascular organs (nose, uterus, rector) that are attached by a pedicle (stem) to surrounding tissue

Answer 27

polyps

Question 28

cancer affecting the colon and rectum, usually formed from benign polyps

Answer 28

colorectal cancer

Question 29

narrowing of the bowel or duct

Answer 29

stenosis

Question 30

significant mechanical impairment or complete arrest of the passage of contents through the intestine due to pathology that causes blockage of the bowel. -symptoms include cramping pain, vomiting, obstipation, and lack of flatus

Answer 30

intestinal obstruction

Question 31

nerve/muscle disruption impedes function

Answer 31

intestinal pseudo-obstruction (paralytic ileus)

Question 32

twisting of the intestines

Answer 32

volvulus

Question 33

slipping of a segment of intestine back into a previous segment (can be fatal due to dehydration)

Answer 33

intussusception

Question 34

the bowel often forms bands of scar* after being handled during an operation

Answer 34

adhesion

Question 35

accumulation of free, serous fluid in the abdomen

Answer 35

ascites

Question 36

loss of moisture from body tissues

Answer 36

dehydration

Question 37

the state of being extremely lean, weak

Answer 37

emaciation

Question 38

septic wounds will exacerbate decomp

Answer 38

rapid decomp

Question 39

blood-fills vascular system with clots

Answer 39

rapid coagulation

Question 40

abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissues or cavities

Answer 40

edema

Question 41

escape of blood from the vascular system

Answer 41

hemorrhage

Question 42

blood/body fluid that appears in the nose, mouth or ears

Answer 42

purge

Question 43

enlargement of tissues through dilation (bloating)

Answer 43

distension

Question 44

yellowing of skin, can convert to green when embalmed

Answer 44

jaundice