week 1 diseases of blood Flashcards
increase in the number of white blood cells in the blood.
- a condition associated with a reactive change within the blood
- not be confused with leukemia
- does not usually occur in viral infections and may be caused by any go the following; hemorrhage, extensive surgeries, coronary occlusions, cancer, pregnancy, chemical intoxication, and toxemias (poisons)
leukocytosis
a disease condition in where there are a decreased number of white blood cells in the blood.
- may be caused by a wide variety of pharmaceutical agents, failure of bone marrow to produce white blood cells.
- common after chemo and radiation, and hiv
Leukopenia
a blood disorder in which the capacity of the blood to transport oxygen is decreased, usually because the total number of red blood cells is diminished.
-2 broad categories primary and secondary
Anemia
Includes those types of anemia in which there is a decrease in the production of red blood cells
primary anemia
those anemias in which there is an increased loss or destruction of red blood cells.
secondary anemia
caused by improper growth or impaired function of bone marrow
- xrays and ionizing radiation are physical agents that may damage the bone marrow as well.
- in most cases; red one marrow is unable to produce adequate amounts of red blood cells to transport hemoglobin
Aplastic Anemia
results from hemolysis (rupturing) of red blood cels prematurely.
- may be congenital or toxins
- the hemoglobin separates into home and global prematurely, reducing the available amount of hemoglobin in the blood to transport the oxygen
Hemolytic Anemia
failure of the body to produce enough intrinsic factor (intestinal chemical) to absorb vitamin b12 in the intestine.
- B12 helps make healthy blood cells because it allows for the absorption of iron
- not lack of iron, lack of chemical that the blood uses to synthesizes the iron
Pernicious Anemia
Hereditary and chronic, characterized by crescent/sickle shaped red blood cells caused by an amino acid chain substitution.
- both parents must have possessed the recessive gene; Hemoglobin S.
- alteration of deformed red blood cells is due to a single amino acid substitution in one of the chains of amino acid from where hemoglobin is produced, resulting in Hemoglobin S.
- present at about 6 months of age
- involves severe pain emanating from damaged bone marrow, which leads to necrosis of bone marrow.
- exclusively occurs in AA, NA, and Mediterranean populations
Sickle cell Anemia
(HSCs) are the stem cells that give rise to other blood cells.
-this process occurs in the red bone marrow, in the core of most bones
hematopoietic/ hematopoiesis
What is categorized under hematopoietic? (2)
- leukemia
2. erythrocytosis
cancer of the white blood cells or the tissues which synthesize white blood cells 10 to 100 times the normal level
leukemia
idiopathic disorder of the blood.
causes increased viscosity of blood (clotting/thrombi)
-abnormally high red blood cell count
-chronic life-shortening disorder involving bone marrow.
-characteristics are ; weakness, fatigue, vertigo, tinnitus, irritability, enlarged spleen, congestion of face causing a ruddy discoloration, redness and pain in the extremities, black and blue spots on skin, coma, and stroke
Erythrocytosis/polcythemia Vera
bleeding disorders (3)
- hemophilia
- purpura
- thrombocytopenia
a disease characterized by excessive/spontaneous bleeding caused by low levels/absence of blood clotting protein
- type A ; lack of protein factor VIII
- type B; Lack of protein factor IX (Christmas disease)
- prolonged bleeding from cuts, wounds or during surgeries, pooling in joints, or bruising
- females carry the disease but men die from it
hemophilia
